摘要
“慎独”是儒家心性修养工夫中的一个重要概念。朱子以“存诚”“谨几”为核心,对“戒慎恐惧”与“慎独”两个概念进行了系统阐发,并对两者的动静性质作了界定。王阳明、湛若水等明代心学家则以“独知”“独体”为核心对“戒慎恐惧”“慎独”进行统摄,使之呈现出一个不断内化的演变历程。在去本体化思潮蔚然成风的清代初叶,李光地兼采朱子、阳明、蕺山之说,对“慎独”进行创造性诠释,他高度评价了朱子将“戒慎恐惧”“慎独”二分的思路,却又汲取晚明儒者之论,将“意”释为“心之所主”,将“慎独”与“诚意”释为同义。这一诠释思路使李光地的“慎独”说尊朱而不述朱,在新旧学风交替的清初具有独特的思想史意义。
"Shen du", or to be watchful over himself when one is alone, is an important concept in Confucian spiritual cultivation. Taking "cun cheng"(to keep one’s sincerity) and "jin ji"(to constrain) as the core concepts, Zhu Xi made a systematical interpretation of the concepts of "jie shen kong ju"(also means to be watchful over himself even if in a place where no one can see or hear him) and "shen du", and defined their dynamic nature. Mind Study scholars in Ming Dynasty, such as Wang Yangming and Zhan Ruoshui, unified the concepts of "jie shen kong ju" and "shen du" based on "du zhi"(sole knowledge) and "du ti"(sole body) as the core, leading to an evolutionary process of constant internalization. In the early Qing dynasty when de-ontologization was popular, Li Guangdi, who had adopted the views of Zhu Xi, Wang Yangming, and Jishan School, made a creative interpretation of "shen du". He highly praised Zhu Xi’s separation of "jie shen kong ju" and "shen du", but by accepting the theories of the Confucianists in late Ming Dynasty, interpreted "yi"(intention) as "mind domination", and considered "jie shen kong ju" and "shen du" synonymous. His way of interpretation demonstrates that Li Guangdi’s "shen du" theory has shown a respect to Zhu Xi, but not a follower of Zhu’s theory, which presented a unique ideological-historical significance in the early Qing Dynasty period when the old style of learning was shifting to a new style.
作者
牛磊
NIU Lei(China Wushu School,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第1期28-34,共7页
Journal of Guiyang University:Social Sciences
关键词
李光地
戒慎恐惧
慎独
诚意
动静
Li Guangdi
"jie shen kong ju"
"shen du"
"cheng yi"
dynamics
