摘要
在现行“三孩”政策的推动下,云南农村育龄妇女的生育意愿有所波动。通过对云南昆明、昭通、临沧和西双版纳4个州市1288名农村育龄妇女的抽样调查,采用交叉表和多元回归模型对该群体的生育意愿及影响因素进行描述统计,并对其中160名典型个案进行深入访谈。研究发现:约一成农村育龄妇女由原来的“从未考虑生育三孩”转为“考虑生育三孩”;不到一成农村育龄妇女明确表示“肯定会生育三孩”;超过七成农村育龄妇女明确表示“不会考虑生育三孩”。对农村育龄妇女生育意愿影响程度较明显的是主观因素,如幸福理念、习俗认同等;影响程度较不明显的是客观因素,如政策引导、收入水平、文化程度及外流经历等;受制于主观因素“不想生”的人数多于客观因素“不敢生”的人数;“不想生”想法主要源于该群体对个人自由空间、生活品质的追求,“反馈式”养老模式不再占有心理优势,对后代感恩赡养的期待值处中等水平。基于上述实证研究,从国家、社会和家庭层面提出如何推进地方“三孩”政策的宣传与落地、营造生育友好型的社会环境与人文环境以及满足育龄妇女对幸福生活追求的意愿等相应措施。
Driven by the present “three-child” policy, changes on the fertility intention of rural women in Yunnan Province occurs. Based on sample survey of 1,288 rural women of childbearing age in Kunming, Zhaotong, Lincang and Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province in September and October 2021, the cross table and multiple regression model were used to analyze the fertility intention and influencing factors of this group, and 160 typical cases were interviewed.The study found that: about 10 percent of rural women of childbearing age changed from the previous “unwillingness to have three children” to the present “considering having three children”;less than ten percent of rural women of childbearing age expressed affirmatively their “ensured willingness in having three children”;over 70 percent of rural women of childbearing age stated explicitly that they “will not consider having three children”. Subjective factors that obviously affect the fertility intention of rural women of childbearing age, such as the concept of happiness and custom identification;less obvious factors are objective factors, such as policy guidance, income level, education level and traveling experiences to other places outside the province;the number of people being unwilling to have three children due to subjective factors is more than the number of people who “dare not to or are incapable of having three children” due to objective factors. The idea of “not willing to have three children” mainly comes from people’s pursuit of personal free space and better quality of life. The “feedback” mentality in “rearing children for one’s own benefit in senior age” no longer enjoys psychological advantage, and the expectation level towards younger generation’s gratitude and support for the elderly people has been in medium level. Based on the above empirical research, from the national, social and family levels, this article proposes corresponding measures on how to promote the publicity and implementation of local “th
作者
黎莹
LI Ying(College of Ethnology and Sociology,Guangxi MinzuUniversity,Naning,Guangxi 530000)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2023年第1期119-129,共11页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
2022年广西哲学社会科学规划研究课题“中华民族共同体视域下广西各民族家国情怀交融研究”(项目编号:22FMZ031)阶段性成果。
关键词
“三孩”政策
农村育龄妇女
生育意愿
“three-child”policy
rural women of childbearing age
fertility intention
