摘要
全面实现小康社会的奋斗目标后,贫困治理的目标由绝对贫困转向相对贫困,社会救助制度作为向低收入群体提供物质保障和服务支持的制度安排,为化解生存危机、融入社会、提高发展能力,进而缩小收入分配差距,实现共同富裕发挥了不可或缺的作用。文章以1994—2021年93份低收入群体社会救助政策为研究对象,通过构建政策工具、政策目标以及政策力度三维分析框架,采用内容分析法对政策文本进行分析。研究表明:政府在社会救助政策工具的选择上偏好使用环境型政策工具;在政策目标上,更倾向于为低收入群体提供现金和实物等物质保障,以满足其基本生活需求;在政策力度上,政策效力的变化主要依靠政策数量,且存在政策发布层级不高、社会救助法律缺位等问题。基于此,从政策目标、治理任务以及体系完善三个方面出发,梳理出中国社会救助制度的演进规律,进一步提出推进法制化建设、补充参与主体以及构建发展型救助体系的优化路径,为坚持“弱有所扶”和社会救助制度高质量发展提供理论基础和政策支撑。
After the goal of a moderately prosperous society has been fully attained,The objective of poverty management has shifted from managing absolute poverty to managing relative poverty,and the social assistance system has played a crucial role in resolving the crisis of survival,integrating into society,enhancing development,narrowing the income distribution gap and achieving common prosperity as an institutional arrangement for providing material security and service support to low-income groups.Using the 93 social assistance policies for low-income groups from 1994 to 2021 as the research object,this paper analyzes the policy texts by constructing a three-dimensional analysis framework of policy tools,policy objectives and policy intensity.The research results show that the government prefers to use environmental policy tools in the choice of social assistance policy tools;In terms of policy objectives,governments are more inclined to provide material security such as cash and in-kind to low-income groups to meet their basic living needs;In terms of policy intensity,the change of policy effectiveness mainly depends on the number of policies,and there are problems such as the low level of policy release and the lack of social assistance laws.Building on that,this paper sorts out the regularity of social assistance policies for low-income groups in China from the three aspects of policy goals,governance tasks and system improvement,so as to proposes the path selection to optimize the social assistance system such as legal construction,supplementary participants and the construction of a development-oriented rescue system,providing the theoretical basis and policy support for adhering to the“support the weak”policy and for the high-quality development of the social assistance system.
作者
朱楠
王若莹
ZHU Nan;WANG Ruo-ying(School of Public Policy and Administration,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710129,China;School of Public Policy Administration,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)
出处
《统计与信息论坛》
北大核心
2023年第3期106-116,共11页
Journal of Statistics and Information
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“基本公共服务供给提高低收入群体幸福感的路径研究”(19BJL101)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“西部地区数字经济发展的治理体系研究”(22JJD630018)。
关键词
低收入群体
社会救助制度
政策文本
内容分析法
low-income groups
social assistance systems
policy texts
content analysis methods
