摘要
本文梳理学界对世界语言中屈折完整体和派生完整体的认识过程,发现派生类完整体可以经由两种不同路径演变为屈折类完整体,二者既可以共存于同一种语言,又存在不同方向的兴替。中国学者对汉语“了”类体标记与叙述性关系的论述,有的远早于经典类型学文献的出版时间,有的是在与时体类型学经典研究基本隔离的情况下形成的独立认识。使用完整体等跨语言比较概念能够避免选定具体语言中特定形式的机会主义影响,有利于解决汉语句尾和词尾体标记话语功能多样性的难题,更能体现类型学研究的追求。
In terms of tense and aspect research in China,the issue of perfective is a hotly debated topic.Different scholars have different theories and analyses.Chen and Hu(2016)used comparative concepts to quantify the perfective functionofle(了)in Chinese.Jin et al.(2020)adopted different terms for different languages and considered“perfective/imperfective”as completely different from“perfect imperfect”.Fan's studies(2014,2020a,2020b,2021)partly returned to the conceptual system of Comrie(1976).However,the classic studies of typology as represented by Bybee et al.(1994)have a clearer understanding of the inflectional perfective vs.derivational perfective in the world languages.Bybee et al.(1994)also made a consistent interpretation of the two kinds of perfective in terms of discourse function and noted the correlation between them.Based on language data from Quechua,Qiangic languages and Slavic languages,this paper claims that inflectional perfective and derivational perfective can co-exist in the same language.Derivational perfective can evolve into inflectional perfective via two different paths:one is that derivational perfective directly evolves into inflectional perfective,as in Quechua;the other is derivational perfective first evolves into the perfect,and then evolves into the past tense,as in Qiangic languages.By reviewing literatures on le in Mandarin Chinese and Chinese dialects,we found that prior to the classical studies on tense-aspect typology,Chinese scholars had recognized the narrative function of le,which is basically equivalent to perfective.However,the multi-functions of le have perplexed several generations of scholars,although multifunctional morphemes are common in languages worldwide.The use of comparative concepts can avoid the influence of opportunistic choice,which tends to select a specific form in a specific language.A comparative methodology reflects the aim and pursuit of typological linguistics and is also helpful in solving the multifunctional problem of le.Specifically for sent
作者
陈前瑞
李纯泽
CHEN Qianrui;LI Chunze(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China;不详)
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期56-74,共19页
Contemporary Linguistics
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目“现代汉语源流考”(22&ZD294)的支持。
关键词
屈折完整体
派生完整体
“了”
比较概念
sinflectional perfective
derivational perfective
le(了)
comparative concept
