摘要
现代社会个人财产权的行使关乎公共利益,这就对限制财产权行使提出了现实需求,生态环境保护领域更是如此。适度的立法管制属于财产应负担的义务,过度的管制则由于给财产权利人施加了沉重的公共负担而需要给予补偿。管制的边界该如何确定?这需要平衡公共利益和私人利益,美国管制性征收制度的百年实践为此提供了有益参考。美国联邦最高法院在判例中确立了管制性征收制度,在以“警察权”限制财产权行使的同时以管制性征收厘清管制的边界,避免由个人承担应由社会整体负担的义务。论文主要从宪法、行政法和财产法相结合的角度,以美国管制性征收制度为中心,探讨环境公共利益与公民财产权之间的冲突与平衡机制和环境行政权的法律边界与制约机制,也分析了这一制度对我国的启示。
In modern society,the exercise of personal property rights concerns public interests,which delivers a realistic demand in restricting the exercise of property rights,especially in the area of environmental protection.Moderate regulation is the obligation of property,while excessive regulation,for imposing a heavy public burden on property owners,would be expected to provide compensation.How to identify the boundaries of moderate regulation and excessive regulation?It requires balancing public and private interests,which we can refer to the regulatory takings system in the United States with its one hundred years of practice.In order to prevent some people from bearing public burdens which should be borne by the public as a whole,the Supreme Court of the United States settled the boundary of regulation by establishing the regulatory takings system,while restricting the exercise of property rights by police power.Focusing on the regulatory taking system of the US,this paper attempts to discuss the conflict and balance mechanism between environmental public interest and citizen’s property rights,and the legal boundary and restrictive mechanism of environmental administrative power from the perspective of the Constitution,the administrative law and the property law,in order to get enlightenment to the practice in our country.
作者
王明远
戴柔
WANG Mingyuan;DAI Rou
关键词
管制性征收
环境保护
警察权
补偿责任
财产权的社会义务
regulatory takings
environmental protection
police power
compensation liability
social obligations of property rights
