摘要
目的:探究体育锻炼内外部动机的类型,分析不同动机类型大学生的体育锻炼行为和体育失范行为,为促进大学生体育锻炼行为提供理论参考。方法:对2340名本科生的体育锻炼动机进行了聚类分析,用单因素方差分析比较了不同动机类型大学生的体育锻炼行为和体育失范行为。结果:(1)大学生的体育锻炼外部动机总分(3.898±0.881)低于内部动机总分(4.302±0.685);男大学生的体育锻炼内部动机总分(4.333±0.685)和外部动机总分(3.963±0.864)均高于女大学生。(2)将大学生按照体育锻炼的内外部动机强弱分为:活跃型(43.16%)、享受型(12.48%)、逐利型(11.54%)、消沉型(32.82%)。(3)4种动机类型的大学生的4项体育锻炼行为指标单因素方差检验f值在3.13~13.00之间。在体育锻炼行为上,活跃型≈享受型>逐利型>消沉型。(4)4种动机类型的大学生的5项体育失范行为指标的单因素方差检验f值在1.74~8.17之间。在体育失范行为数量上,逐利型>消沉型>享受型>活跃型。结论:(1)大学生的体育锻炼动机总体较强,在性别差异上呈现为体育锻炼动机男强女弱,在动机类型上呈现为体育锻炼动机内强外弱,内外部动机呈现出较强的共变性。(2)体育锻炼内外部动机都有促进大学生体育锻炼行为的作用,但是内部动机的作用范围和强度更大。当体育锻炼的内部动机达到高强度后,外部动机的作用不再明显。(3)内部动机有明显的抑制大学生体育失范行为的作用。在体育锻炼内部动机强的大学生中,外部动机有防止体育失范行为的作用;在体育锻炼内部动机弱的大学生中,外部动机是体育失范行为的诱因。(4)消沉型大学生的体育锻炼行为不足,逐利型大学生的体育失范行为最多。(5)构建了驱动体育锻炼行为的内外部动机强化模型,提出促进体育锻炼行为、防止体育失范行为的4个策略。
Objective:To explore the types of internal and external exercise motivations,analyze the exercise behavior and anomie behavior of different types in college students’physical exercise,and provide theoretical reference for promoting students’physical exercise behavior.Methods:A cluster analysis was conducted on the exercise motivation of 2340 undergraduates,and exercise behavior and anomie behavior were compared between different types of college students by one-way ANOVA.Results:(1)Students’total score of external motivation of(3.898±0.881)was lower than that of internal motivation(4.302±0.685);male students’total score of internal motivation(4.333±0.685)was higher than that of females;male students’total score of external motivation(3.963±0.864)was higher than that of females.(2)The intensity of internal and external motivation of college students is classified as:active type(43.16%),enjoyment type(12.48%),profit-seeking type(11.54%)and depression type(32.82%).(3)One-way variance test of exercise behavior in four categories is at 3.126~23.892,with the order of active>enjoyment>profit-seeking>depression in terms of physical exercise behavior.(4)One-way variance test of five physical exercise anomie behavior indicators of college students with four motivation types was between 1.74~8.17,with the order of profit-seeking>depressed>enjoyment>active in terms of the number of physical exercise anomie behaviors.Conclusions:(1)College students generally have strong motivation for physical exercise,showing“strong motivation in males and weak motivation in females”in gender difference,“strong internal motivation and weak external motivation”in motivation type,and strong co-degeneration in internal and external motivation.(2)Internal and external motivations both serve to promote students to participate in physical exercise,but the scope and strength of internal motivation is greater.When the internal motivation reaches certain strength,the role of the external motivation is no longer obvious.(3)Intern
作者
陈善平
宋迪
谢丽君
张中江
刘丽萍
CHEN Shanping;SONG Di;XIE Lijun;ZHANG Zhongjiang;LIU Liping(Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,Shaanxi710049,China.)
出处
《首都体育学院学报》
北大核心
2023年第1期57-67,共11页
Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(17BTY001)
陕西省社会科学基金年度项目(2021Q001)。
关键词
内部动机
外部动机
体育锻炼行为
体育失范行为
大学生
中国大学
internal motivation
external motivation
exercise behavior
anomie behavior in physical exercise
college students
Chinese colleges and universities
