摘要
工业化之后,技术进步带来人力资本需求增加,引致女性受教育程度提高和性别收入差距缩小,对生育率产生负向影响,构成了人口转型的理论取向。考察女性受教育水平对生育意愿的影响,发现新中国成立以来,女性受教育水平对生育率存在显著的负向影响。作用机制检验结果表明,上述影响主要通过两条路径实现:一是机会成本效应。表现为随着女性受教育水平的提高,性别收入差距不断缩小,进而造成女性生育孩子的机会成本增加,生育意愿降低。二是“数量-质量”替代效应。即女性受教育水平的提高会引致生育观念发生转变,更为重视孩子的教育质量,而非子女数量,使得子女教育投入增加,生育意愿弱化。最后,基于生育率伴随女性受教育水平提升而下降这一规律,提出围绕中国经济高质量发展现实要求的相关政策建议。
After industrialization, technological progress has brought about an increase in demand for human capital, which has led to improvement of women’s education level and narrowing of gender income gap, and has a negative impact on fertility rate, forming the theoretical orientation of population transformation. By examining the impact of women’s education level on fertility intention, it is found that women’s education level has a significant negative impact on fertility since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The test results of the action mechanism show that above impacts are mainly realized through two paths: the first is the opportunity cost effect. With improvement of women’s education level, the gender income gap continues to narrow, resulting in an increase in the opportunity cost of women to have children and a decrease in their willingness to have children. The second is the “quantity-quality” substitution effect. The improvement of women’s education level will lead to the change of fertility concept, that is, more attention will be paid to the quality of children’s education rather than the number of children, which will increase the investment in children’s education and weaken the fertility intention. Finally, based on the rule that the fertility rate decreases with the improvement of women’s education level, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations around practical requirements of high-quality economic development in China.
作者
李静
秦玉春
王敬博
戴昕晨
LI Jing;QIN YuChun;WANG JingBo;DAI XinChen(Anhui University,Hefei 230601;Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433;Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018)
出处
《财贸研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期34-45,66,共13页
Finance and Trade Research
基金
安徽省高校协同创新项目“新发展阶段人力资本错配形成逻辑与实现经济稳增长机制研究”(GXXT2021036)。
关键词
女性教育
生育意愿
生育政策
经济高质量发展
female education
fertility intention
fertility policy
high-quality economic development
