摘要
完善农地产权制度是减少农户耕地抛荒的有力举措,然而相关的实证研究目前依然相对匮乏。文章基于中国农村家庭追踪调查2017年和2019年两期面板数据,以新一轮农地确权为例,利用面板双向固定效应模型实证考察了农地产权稳定性对农户耕地抛荒行为的影响。结果表明:①农地产权稳定性对农户耕地抛荒行为具有显著的抑制效果,有助于强化耕地数量保护。已完成新一轮农地确权农户的耕地抛荒概率要比未完成确权农户低3%左右。②农地产权稳定性主要通过促进农地转出和增加长期投资对农户耕地抛荒行为施加影响。农地转出使得耕地得到重新利用,减少不必要的闲置,而长期投资将增加土壤肥力,减少边际耕地的抛荒。③在考虑新一轮农地确权前的农地产权稳定性之后,新一轮农地确权主要对先前没有土地承包合同或土地产权证书的农户有积极影响,而对有土地承包合同或土地产权证书的农户甚至存在一定的负面效应。④为精准识别新一轮农地确权的政策效应,既需要区分农地确权时间,也需要考虑以往农地产权稳定性。如果不区分农地确权时间,新一轮农地确权的作用就可能会被高估;如果不考虑过往农地产权的稳定性,新一轮农地确权的作用也就可能会被低估。基于以上结论,建议未来推动农地产权改革应从产权界定向产权实施转变,建立“承包合同+产权证书”的双保障制度体系,同时防范因农地产权稳定性过强而可能引发的不利影响。
Improving the land tenure system is a powerful measure to reduce farmers’cropland abandonment,but the relevant empirical research is relatively scarce.Based on the panel data of China Rural Household Panel Survey in 2017 and 2019,this study took the new round of land certification as an example to empirically examine the impact of land tenure security on farmers’cropland abandonment behavior,using the panel two-way fixed effect model.The study showed that:①Land tenure security had a significant inhibitory effect on farmers’cropland abandonment behavior and was helpful to strengthen the protection of land quantity.Compared with the farmers who had not completed the new round of land certification,the probability of cropland abandonment was about 3%lower for those who had.②Land tenure security affected farmers’cropland abandonment behavior mainly through promoting land transfer and increasing long-term investment.Transferring land allowed land to be reused,reducing unnecessary idleness,while long-term investment could increase soil fertility and reduce the abandonment of marginal land.③After considering land tenure security before certification,the new round of land certification mainly had positive effects on farmers who did not have land contracts or land certificates before,but there were certain negative effects on farmers who had those.④To accurately identify the policy effects of the new round of land certification,it is necessary to distinguish the time of land certification and consider the security of land tenure in the past.If the time of land certification is not distinguished,the role of the new round of land certification can be overestimated.If the security of land tenure in the past is not considered,the role of the new round of land certification can be underestimated.Based on the above conclusions,it is suggested that in the future,the reform of land tenure should be promoted from the definition of property rights to the implementation of property rights,and the‘Land contract+Land
作者
郑淋议
ZHENG Linyi(China Academy for Rural Development,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058,China;School of Public Administration,Hunan University,Changsha Hunan 410082,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期166-175,共10页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“城乡区域平衡发展理念下的土地制度综合改革研究”(批准号:19ZDA088)
浙江大学争创优秀博士学位论文资助项目“新一轮农地确权促进了中国的耕地保护吗”(批准号:221020A)
浙江大学博士研究生学术新星培养计划资助项目(批准号:2019015)
清华大学中国农村研究院博士论文奖学金项目“农地确权与农地可持续利用:基于‘数量-质量-生态-效率’视角”(批准号:202014)
国家留学基金资助项目(批准号:202006320126)。
关键词
农地产权稳定性
农地确权
固定效应模型
耕地抛荒
耕地保护
land tenure security
land certification
fixed effect model
cropland abandonment
land protection
