摘要
反垄断民事诉讼资格的认定需要以政策功能为导向去寻求妥当的法律技术,并重视诉讼法与竞争法的协调﹑程序资格与实体政策的契合。美国法在司法实践中采取直接侵害﹑反垄断损害等法律技术作为反垄断民事诉讼资格的认定标准,存在混淆程序资格与实体标准的弊端,我国应谨慎对待类似标准的本土化适用。从程序法视角观之,在损害要件中混入实体标准会导致起诉条件的“高阶化”,不利于促进反垄断法私人实施的法律政策,我国应剔除损害要件中的实体标准并推动起诉条件的“低阶化”,从而培养良好的竞争文化。从实体责任结构视角观之,我国责任后果法并未引入三倍赔偿责任制度以对受害人提供充分的激励,导致其对经营者的威慑力不足,所以不宜在损害要件中附加其他因素去抬高反垄断民事诉讼资格的标准,转而应该单纯以损害为标准降低原告的起诉条件,放宽责任成立的“入口”并提升对垄断经营者的威慑效应。唯有站在程序法与实体法的协动立场之上,反垄断民事诉讼资格才能得到妥当的认定。
The identification of antitrust civil litigation eligibility requires appropriate policy-based legal techniques,and the coordination of procedural law and competition law, as well as the conformity of procedural eligibility and substantive policies. In judicial practice, the United States adopts legal techniques such as direct infringement and antitrust damage as the criteria for determining antitrust civil litigation eligibility, confusing procedural eligibility and substantive criteria. We should be cautious about the application of using similar criteria in China. From the perspective of procedural law, the inclusion of substantive criteria on damage will raise the bar on prosecution conditions, which does not help promote the private implementation of antitrust law. China should remove the substantive standards on damage and lower the bar on prosecution conditions to cultivate a good competition culture.From the perspective of substantive liability structure, treble damage system is not introduced in China’s liability consequence law to encourage victims to protect their rights, which is not an effective deterrence to proprietors.Therefore, it is not appropriate to attach other conditions to damage to drive up the standards of antitrust civil litigation eligibility. Instead, we need to simply take damage as the standard to lower the requirements for prosecution, lower the bar on liability determination, and adopt effective deterrence strategies for monopolists. Only with the combination of procedural law and substantive law can we properly identify antitrust civil litigation eligibility.
作者
王磊
WANG Lei(Law School,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550025)
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期87-96,共10页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“侵权损害的限制赔偿原理及规范技术研究”(21CFX036)。
关键词
反垄断民事诉讼资格
私人实施
反垄断损害
三倍赔偿责任
最佳威慑
antitrust civil litigation eligibility
private implementation
antitrust damage
treble damage
optimal deterrence
