摘要
为明确宽幅精播条件下小麦高产高效的适宜基本苗密度,于2018—2019年和2019—2020年在山东兖州大田试验条件下设置4种基本苗密度处理:90×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)(D_(1))、180×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)(D_(2))、270×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)(山东高产田常用基本苗密度,D_(3))、360×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)(D_(4)),研究基本苗密度对小麦光合特性、衰老特性以及籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与D_(1)、D_(4)处理相比,D_(2)处理显著改善了灌浆期间小麦旗叶光合特性,提高了旗叶和根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白质含量,降低了旗叶和根系丙二醛(MDA)含量,延缓了旗叶和根系衰老;与D_(1)、D_(3)、D_(4)处理相比,D_(2)处理显著提高了0~40 cm土层小麦根长、根表面积和根体积。2018—2019年和2019—2020年,与D_(1)、D_(3)、D_(4)处理相比,D_(2)处理的籽粒产量分别提高11.8%、2.5%、6.4%和22.7%、5.7%、17.1%,水分利用效率分别提高9.2%、8.8%、14.2%和21.1%、6.2%、21.5%。综上,基本苗密度为180×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)的D_(2)处理通过提高小麦灌浆期旗叶光合特性,改善小麦根系形态,延缓了植株衰老,籽粒产量和水分利用效率最高,是山东宽幅播种高产麦田的最优处理。
To determine the optimal planting density under wide-width sowing condition,we investigated the effects of different planting densities on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves,senescence characteristics of flag lea-ves and roots,grain yield,and water use efficiency under four planting density levels,90×10^(4) plants·hm^(-2)(D_(1)),180×10^(4) plants·hm^(-2)(D_(2)),270×10^(4) plants·hm^(-2)(D_(3))and 360×10^(4) plants·hm^(-2)(D_(4)),in field condition set in Yanzhou,Shandong during the growing season of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020.The results showed that compared with D_(1) and D_(4) treatments,D_(2) treatment significantly improved photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves during grain filling,increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and soluble protein content,reduced the malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and delayed the senescence of flag leaves and roots.Compared with other treatments,D_(2) treatment significantly increased root length,root surface area and root volume in 0-40 cm soil layer.Compared with D_(1),D_(3) and D_(4) treatments,the grain yield of D_(2) treatment was increased by 11.8%,2.5%,6.4%in 2018-2019 and 22.7%,5.7%,17.1%in 2019-2020,respectively.In addition,water use efficiency was increased by 9.2%,8.8%,14.2%in 2018-2019 and 21.1%,6.2%,21.5%in 2019-2020,respectively.The planting density at 180×10^(4) plants·hm^(-2) improved photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and root morphology during filling stage,delayed plant senescence,increased grain number per spike and grain weight.Consequently,the highest grain yield and water use efficiency were obtained under D_(2) treatment,which was the optimal treatment under the experimental wide-width sowing condition.
作者
孔令英
赵俊晔
张振
石玉
于振文
KONG Ling-ying;ZHAO Jun-ye;ZHANG Zhen;SHI Yu;YU Zhen-wen(Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology,Agricultural Information Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Farming System,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期107-113,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32172114,31601243)
财政部、农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系项目”(CARS-03)资助。
关键词
小麦
宽幅播种
基本苗密度
光合特性
衰老特性
籽粒产量
wheat
wide-width sowing
planting density
photosynthetic characteristic
senescence characteristic
grain yield
