摘要
中国的海水养殖产业规模居世界首位,产业的迅猛发展在繁荣社会经济的同时,也带来了不容忽视的水污染物排放等环境污染问题。海水养殖尾水具有盐度高、污染物成分复杂和可生化性差等特点,处理难度较大,技术要求较高,其中,海水养殖尾水生物处理技术被认为是最具潜力、可有效助力碳减排的环境友好型处理技术。本文综述了贝类净化、微生物净化、生物共生修复和尾水综合处理等原位生物修复技术,以及生态浮岛、生态沟渠、人工湿地和生态净化塘等异位生物修复技术的研究进展,结合中国海水养殖业可持续发展目标,提出了以废水高效深度处理与资源化、能源化再生利用为核心的海水养殖尾水处理与碳减排策略,即未来应以海水养殖尾水水质分析与水征评价为基础,开发海水养殖尾水的高效一体化处理装备,通过推进绿色海水养殖耦合高效资源能源循环利用以减少养殖过程的碳排放,同时构建完善的海洋碳汇评估标准体系,筛选得到增大海洋碳汇最佳养殖产品种类,将尾水生物处理过程中的碳增汇与碳减排有机结合的发展提议,以期为推进海水养殖产业发展、助力实现碳中和战略目标提供有益参考。
China is the largest of mariculture country in the world. The rapid development of this industry has brought about environmental pollution problems such as water pollutant discharge that cannot be ignored while booming the social economy. Mariculture wastewater is characterized by high salinity, complex pollutant composition and poor biochemical properties, and the treatment of mariculture wastewater is the difficult and technically demanding. Researches on the formation process and mechanism of mariculture carbon sink indicate that mariculture process and marine carbon sink are mutually reinforcing. This paper reviews the research progress of in situ bioremediation technologies including shellfish purification, microbial purification, biosymbiotic restoration, and comprehensive wastewater treatment, as well as ex situ bioremediation technologies such as ecological floating islands, ecological ditches, artificial wetlands, and ecological purification ponds. On this basis, the strategy of mariculture wastewater treatment and carbon reduction is proposed with the core of efficient deep treatment of wastewater and resource and energy recycling, taking into account the sustainable development goals of mariculture industry in China. The present paper looks forward to carbon neutrality in the future, innovating breeding models to increase marine carbon sinks, strengthening the management and control of green breeding processes, upgrading wastewater treatment technology and resource regeneration to reduce carbon emissions. The appropriate combination of carbon emission reduction is expected to provide a useful reference for promoting marine aquaculture to help achieve the strategic goal of carbon neutrality.
作者
王纯
袁子茜
原艺杭
李昕钰
于本心
刘鹰
WANG Chun;YUAN Zixi;YUAN Yihang;LI Xinyu;YU Benxin;LIU Ying(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain PollutionControl,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture(Dalian OceanUniversity),Ministry of Education,Dalian 116023,China;College ofBiosystems Engineering and Food Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310012,China)
出处
《大连海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1055-1065,共11页
Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金
设施渔业教育部重点实验室(大连海洋大学)开放课题(202218)
国家自然科学基金青年基金(51808314)
北京工商大学青年教师科研启动基金资助项目(QNJJ2020-17)。
关键词
海水养殖
尾水
生物净化
碳减排增汇
mariculture
wastewater
biological purification
carbon emission reduction
