摘要
为了探明当归早薹开花的原因,掌握该药材种植过程中影响经济效益的构成因素。对甘肃省当归主产区的30个不同种植区域的种植密度、早薹率和种植模式等进行调查,并对经济效益及其构成因素进行分析。结果表明:当归平均每穴种植株数、种植密度和早薹率分别为1.9株/穴、20.0株/m2和51.6%。影响当归经济效益的主要构成因素包括种植密度、早薹率和成药根收入,其中种植密度和抽薹率呈正相关,但未达到显著水平,与成药根收入呈显著正相关,而抽薹率与成药根收入呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。基于种苗成本和火药籽苗充斥市场等因素,目前,当归种植模式主要有4种:购买种苗(Ⅰ)、密植拔株法(自留火药籽育苗,Ⅱ)、优苗防抽薹法(自留正常种子育苗,Ⅲ)和大面积留正常种子销售(Ⅳ),其经济效益分别为25830、38259、62430、6977元/hm2。Ⅱ模式有较高的早薹率,使得其经济效益显著低于Ⅲ模式。提高种植密度可实现一定的经济效益,但导致利用火药籽育苗恶性循环。建议利用优苗防抽薹法,结合合理密植以获得最大的经济效益。
The aim of the study is to to find out the basic reason of early bolting and flowering(EBF)that has not been effectively resolved in recent years,and to learn the component factors of economic benefits during the cultivation of Angelica sinensis.The planting density(PD),early bolting rate(EBR)and cultivation model(CM)of 30 different planting areas in the main producing areas of A.sinensis in Gansu Province were investigated,and the economic benefits and their component factors were analyzed.The results showed that the planting number,PD and EBR reached 1.9 plants/hole,20.0 plants/m~2 and 51.6%,respectively.The main components of economic benefits of A.sinensis included PD[or seedlings cost(SC)],EBR and medicinal root income(MRI).There was a positive correlation of PD with EBR(no significance)and MRI(significance,P<0.01),but a significant negative correlation of EBR with MRI.Based on the cost of seedlings and the fact that seedlings raised from two-year-old seeds were flooding the market,at present,there were four main planting modes of A.sinensis:purchase seedlings(Ⅰ),method of closing planting and uprooting EBF plants(self-raising seedlings of two-year-old seeds,Ⅱ),method of selecting excellent seedlings to avoid EBF(self-raising seedlings of three-year-old seeds,Ⅲ),and large scale seed-selling of three-year-old seeds(Ⅳ).The economic benefits of the four modes were 25830,38259,62430 and 6977￥/hm~2,respectively.Due to higher EBR for modelⅡ,its economic benefits was significantly lower than that of the modelⅢ.In conclusin,modelⅡcan bring economic benefits to some extent by the method of closing planting which leads to a vicious circle for raising seedlings of two-year-old seeds.This may be one of the main reasons why the EBF has not been solved in recent years.These findings suggest that maximum economic benefits can be obtained by combining the methods of excellent seedlings and reasonable closing planting.
作者
李美玲
黎洁
曹小路
王秋玲
栗孟飞
魏建和
LI Mei-ling;LI Jie;CAO Xiao-lu;WANG Qiu-ling;LI Meng-fei;WEI Jian-he(State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《草原与草坪》
CAS
CSCD
2022年第5期152-158,共7页
Grassland and Turf
基金
国家自然科学基金(32160083)
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21)
甘肃省重点人才项目(2020RCXM103)
甘肃农业大学“伏羲杰出人才”培育计划(Gaufx-02J04)
道地药材生态种植与质量保障项目(202103003)。
关键词
当归
早薹率
种植密度
种植模式
经济效益
密植法
优苗法
Angelica sinensis
early bolting rate
planting density
cultivation model
economic benefits
method of closing planting
method of excellent seedlings
