摘要
课堂视频因其既能呈现直观且精细的教学过程,也能为教学过程分析提供多元且细化的数据支持,而被学习科学领域视为研究课堂教学的重要中介和数据源。选取有意义的分析单位,是课堂视频研究在方法论层面的探索焦点。纵观学习科学领域课堂视频的相关研究发现,课堂视频研究在方法论层面展现出三种研究取向:一是以“点”为分析单位指向表层行为的视频分析,但其因数据的去境脉化而遭遇意义诘问;二是以“面”为分析单位描绘教学整体结构的视频分析,但其面临无法观照教学实践的具体困境;三是以“段”为分析单位聚焦教学事件/任务的视频分析,更利于推进学习的深入研究和教学实践的改进。实际上,无论何种取向的课堂视频研究,都应该聚焦于面向分析对象所析取的相应分析单位的数据的意义,并充分理解视频数据所处的境脉。未来,课堂视频分析可采取从“段”中寻“点”、由“点”绘“线”的方法路径,不断追踪学生的学习发生与发展过程,深入挖掘和揭示其支持机制。
Classroom videos can present the visual and subtle process of teaching and learning and provide rich and detailed data for analyzing teaching and learning. Therefore, classroom videos have been widely used in the research on classroom teaching in the learning sciences. And the selection of meaningful unit of analysis is the focus of research on classroom videos from the methodological level. Three research orientations can be concluded from research on classroom videos in the learning sciences. The first is to analyze the surface behavior with the“spot”as the unit of analysis, which is questioned in that the data are usually decontextualized. The second one aims at depicting the whole structure of classroom activities with the“profile”as the unit of analysis,which has difficulties in benefiting the teaching practice. The third one deals mainly with the instructional events or tasks with“episode”as the unit of analysis, thus constructing a new way to facilitate learning and improve teaching. Actually, it is desirable that research on classroom videos, whatever approach is adopted, should focus on the meaning of data collected from the videos and expressed in the selected unit of analysis, and fully understand and take into consideration the context from which the data are abstracted. In the future, the approach that finds“spots”in“ episode”and connects“spots”into“line”can be explored in the classroom video research to track the learning process and reveal the supporting system.
出处
《现代远程教育研究》
北大核心
2023年第1期20-28,共9页
Modern Distance Education Research
基金
2017年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“课堂对话的视频分析研究”(17YJA880109)。
关键词
学习科学
课堂视频研究
方法论
分析单位
数据意义
Learning Sciences
Research on Classroom Videos
Methodology
Unit of Analysis
Meaning of Data
