摘要
网约车凭借助技术赋能在降低市场交易成本、提高资源配置效率、提升客运服务品质等方面的显著优势,对出租车旧业态形成了强烈冲击,加快出租车行业的转型迫在眉睫。基于北京市的研究发现,网约车兴起对北京市出租车行业产生了显著影响:从行业整体看,2015至2021年,出租车客运量占比从7.37%减少到3.85%,下降幅度接近50%;从司机层面看,网约车还对出租车司机的收入水平、工作强度、工作满意度等产生了显著负面影响。研究进一步分析了现阶段出租车行业存在的典型问题及其原因,并从监管部门、出租车企业、出租车司机三个维度提出了行业的转型对策。具体的,监管维度的转型对策包括放松准入管制,建立动态调整的数量调控机制;破除价格管制,完善运价结构;强化对于竞争秩序、数据安全等新兴问题的关注等。出租车企业维度的转型对策包括:通过升级硬件设施、积极开展预约服务、建立专业化的出租车数据平台推动企业的数字化转型;通过从服务对象、服务标准、品牌形象和顾客粘性等维度创新服务内容,打造差异化竞争特色;打造统一的运营平台提升行业的规模化水平,突破传统出租车企业多、小、散、弱的劣势。司机维度的转型对策包括优先提升出租车司机的数字技能;着重提升出租车司机的服务意识;全面改善出租车司机的工作满意度等。
Online car hailing,with its remarkable advantages in reducing market transaction costs,improving resource allocation efficiency,and improving passenger transport service quality,has formed a strong impact on the traditional taxi industry.Based on the research in Beijing,we find that the proportion of taxi passenger decreased from 7.37%to 3.85%from 2015 to 2021,a decrease of nearly 50%.Furthermore,online car hailing also has a significant negative impact on taxi drivers’income,work intensity,and job satisfaction,etc.We further analyze the problems and their causes in the taxi industry under the shock of online taxi hailing,and propose the transformation countermeasures from three aspects.Specifically,the transformation countermeasures of the regulatory dimension include relaxing access control and establishing a quantity regulation mechanism with dynamic adjustment;the deregulation of the price control and improving the efficiency of the freight rate structure;working on the emerging issues such as competition order and data security.The transformation countermeasures of taxi enterprises include upgrading hardware facilities,actively carrying out reservation services,and establishing a professional taxi data platform to promote the digital transformation of taxi enterprises;creating differentiated competitive advantages by providing innovative service contents;constructing a unified operation platform to improve the standardization of the industry.The transformation countermeasures of the driver dimension include giving priority to improve the digital skills of taxi drivers;focusing on improving the service awareness of taxi drivers;comprehensively improving the job satisfaction of taxi drivers,etc.
作者
赵杨
刘倩
ZHAO Yang;LIU Qian
出处
《科学决策》
CSSCI
2022年第12期107-136,共30页
Scientific Decision Making
基金
北京社会科学基金项目(项目编号:16JDYJB037)
北京高校卓越青年科学家计划(项目编号:BJJWZYJH01201910034034)
国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:7217020823)。
关键词
网约车
出租车
行业冲击
转型对策
online car hailing
taxi industry
impact assessment
transformation countermeasures
