摘要
《民法典》第994条折中直接保护论和间接保护论的立场,明确承认死者人格利益受法律保护的同时,又规定死者人格利益的保护需要经由近亲属的积极作为才能实现。其中,承认死者人格利益受法律保护与民法典保护人格尊严的目的相符,但将死者人格利益的保护完全与死者近亲属联系起来,并不符合立法者通过第994条实现人格尊严延伸保护的目的。对此,结合体系解释和目的解释方法而承认死者生前在不违反法律规定和公序良俗的前提下依据自主意志安排的受托管理人可以保护死者人格利益的做法,在侵害死者人格利益损害社会公共利益时类推适用《民法典》第185条结合《英雄烈士保护法》第25条而承认检察机关向行为人请求承担民事责任的权利,并在死者近亲属侵害死者人格利益时通过平衡处理死者人格尊严延伸保护与因亲属关系适当限制死者人格利益保护之间的紧张关系而确定死者人格利益的保护人,可以填补《民法典》第994条存在的漏洞,助益于立法者延伸保护人格尊严目的的实现。
Article 994 of the Civil Code compromises the positions of direct protection theory and indirect protection theory. It clearly recognizes that the deceased’s personality interests are protected by law,and also stipulates that the protection of the deceased’s personality interests can be achieved only through the active actions of close relatives. Among them, acknowledging that the deceased’s personal interests are protected by law is consistent with the purpose of the Civil Code to protect human dignity, but completely linking the protection of the deceased’s personal interests with the deceased’s close relatives does not conform to the purpose of achieving extended protection of personal dignity through Article 994. In this regard, it is necessary to combine the systematic interpretation and teleological interpretation to recognize that the deceased’s personal interests can be protected by the trustee arranged by the deceased based on the premise of not violating laws, regulations and good customs;if the deceased’s personality interests are violated to cause damages to the public interests, the judge can apply Article 185 of the Civil Code in conjunction with Article 25 of the Protection of Heroes and Martyrs by analogy to recognize the right of the procuratorial agency to request the perpetrator to bear civil liability;when the close relatives of the deceased infringe upon the personal interests of the deceased, they should carefully determine the protector of the deceased’s personal interests.
出处
《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》
2022年第6期117-129,共13页
Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)
关键词
死者人格利益
人格尊严
近亲属
受托管理人
社会公共利益
personality interests of the deceased
personal dignity
close relatives
trustees
social public interests
