摘要
针对上海市3类典型工业用地(化工、金属加工和危废治理)土壤和地下水中有毒有害6种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg和Ni)的污染程度、分布特征和生态风险效应开展了分析和评价.结果表明,3类工业用地30个潜在污染区域土壤和地下水均受到重金属污染,Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg和Ni在表层土壤中存在明显累积,As、Cr、Pb和Ni在地下水中存在明显累积,土壤中重金属含量和变异系数随着垂直深度的加深而逐渐降低,表明受人类活动扰动影响趋小.不同重金属污染来源不同,土壤中Cr和Hg主要来源于金属加工和危废治理业,Cd、Pb和Ni在3个行业土壤中均有累积;地下水中As主要来源于化工和危废治理行业,Cr主要来源于金属加工行业,Ni主要来源于金属加工和危废治理行业,Pb在3个行业地下水中均有累积.金属加工行业土壤和地下水内梅罗综合污染指数最高,重金属Cr、Pb和Ni存在明显的水土复合污染现象,可能与土壤重金属含量、迁移性和企业管理水平有密切关系.土壤和地下水重金属潜在生态风险处于轻度~中度范围,土壤中重金属Hg和Cd的潜在生态风险水平较高,主要受重金属毒性影响,地下水中重金属Ni的潜在生态风险水平较高,主要受重金属含量影响.
The pollution degree,distribution characteristics,and synergistic ecological risk of heavy metals were studied by analyzing the contents of As,Cd,Cr,Pb,Hg,and Ni values in soil and groundwater of three types of typical industrial land(chemical industry,metal processing,and hazardous waste treatment)in Shanghai.The results showed that the soil and groundwater in 30 potential pollution areas of the three types of industrial land were polluted by heavy metals.Cd,Cr,Pb,Hg,and Ni were obviously accumulated in the surface soil,whereas As,Cr,Pb,and Ni were accumulated in the groundwater.The content and variation coefficients of heavy metals in the soil gradually decreased with the deepening of vertical depth,indicating that the impact of human activities was lessened.The pollution sources of the various heavy metals were different;Cr and Hg in the soil were mainly from metal processing and the hazardous waste treatment industry,whereas Cd,Pb,and Ni were accumulated in the soil of all three industries.In groundwater,As mainly came from the chemical industry and hazardous waste treatment industry,Cr mainly came from the metal processing industry,Ni mainly came from metal processing and the hazardous waste treatment industry,and Pb accumulated in groundwater of all three industries.The Nemero comprehensive pollution index of the soil and groundwater in the metal processing industry was the highest.Cr,Pb,and Ni in the metal processing industry had synergistic pollution characteristics in soil and groundwater,which may have been closely related to soil heavy metal content,migration,and enterprise management level.The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil and groundwater was generally in the mild to moderate range,the potential ecological risk level of Hg and Cd in soil was relatively high,which was mainly affected by the toxicity of heavy metals,and the potential ecological risk level of Ni in groundwater was relatively high,which was mainly affected by the content of heavy metals.
作者
李晓曼
李青青
杨洁
黄沈发
张施阳
吉敏
LI Xiao-man;LI Qing-qing;YANG Jie;HUANG Shen-fa;ZHANG Shi-yang;JI Min(State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation,Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期5687-5697,共11页
Environmental Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1802401)
2021年度院青年创新基金项目(CX2021140326)。
关键词
工业用地
土壤
地下水
重金属
复合污染
生态风险评价
industrial land
soil
groundwater
heavy metals
compound pollution
ecological risk assessment
