摘要
司法实践中涉及危险接受的大量案件表现为,被害人因为自保本能、义务命令或者伦理要求而承受了一定的心理压力,并在这种压力的驱使下实施了自陷危险的举动。在此情况下,能否以及应当在多大范围内认定被害人是自愿接受风险,是司法实践中亟待解决而学界鲜有问津的难题。欲体系性地建构自愿性的认定标准,需要以心理状态和社会价值这两个视角为支柱搭建分析框架。首先,只有当被害人的心理压力源自行为人所引起的某种法益冲突时,它才可能具备排除自愿性的效果。其次,根据举“严”以明“宽”的原理,当被害人的心理压力已经达到足以排除期待可能性的程度时,可以直接否定危险接受的自愿性。最后,当被害人为了保护生命、健康以外的其他法益而自陷危险时,需要综合其自危行为保护的利益、行为方式的合理性等因素,具体地确定自危行为是否具有积极的社会意义。
In judicial practice,many cases involving dangerous acceptance reveal that the victims bear certain psychological pressure because of their self-protection instinct,compulsory orders or ethical requirements and carry out self-trapping dangerous actions under such pressure.Under certain circumstances,whether and to what extent the victim can be identified as voluntarily accepting the risk is a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently in judicial practice,but rarely researched by the academic community.In order to systematically construct the identification standard of voluntariness,we need to build an analytical framework based on the two pillars of psychological status and social value.First,only when the psychological pressure of the victim originates from the conflict of legal interests caused by the actor can it have the effect of excluding voluntariness.Secondly,according to the principle of fulfilling the strictness,let alone the leniency,when the psychological pressure of the victim has reached a level which is sufficient to exclude the anticipated possibility,the voluntary nature of risk acceptance can be directly denied.Finally,when the victim endangers himself in order to protect other legal interests other than life and health,it needs to integrate the interests protected by the self-endangering behavior,the rationality of the behavior and other factors to specifically determine whether the self-endangering behavior has positive social significance.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第11期74-89,共16页
Law Science
基金
北京市社会科学基金青年学术带头人项目“渎职犯罪的结果归责研究”(21DTR014)的阶段性成果。
关键词
被害人自我答责
危险接受
自愿性
结果归责
见义勇为
self-accountability of victims
acceptance of risk
voluntariness
imputation of result
voluntary actions against injustice
