摘要
对5种方法提取生姜挥发油进行比较研究。采用水蒸气蒸馏法(steam distillation,SD)、酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation,EHSD)、超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(ultrasonic-assisted steam distillation,UASD)、微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(microwave-assisted steam distillation,MASD)、压榨法(squeezing,SQ)5种方法提取生姜挥发油,并通过气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定化学成分。采用R语言平台进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和聚类热图分析,比较其成分特征是否存在差异。显微下观察所得生姜药渣的结构差异。水蒸气蒸馏法、酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法4种方法得油率分别为0.18%、0.19%、0.21%、0.18%,经GC-MS测定,其所得挥发油成分相似,鉴定化合物59~65种;压榨法得油率为0.10%,鉴定化合物3种,分别为α-姜烯、β-水芹烯和6-姜烯酚。显微下观察,4种蒸馏法所得药渣单位面积下的油细胞数均少于压榨法。生姜挥发性成分可能受酶、超声、微波的作用而产生变化,以致不同提取方法所得挥发油化学成分及相对峰面积具有特征差异。压榨法可简便快捷地提取生姜中的α-姜烯、β-水芹烯及6-姜烯酚。本文为实际应用中生姜挥发油提取方法的选择及生姜的进一步开发利用提供参考依据。
To compare the differences of five methods for extracting ginger volatile oil.Ginger volatile oil was extracted by five methods:steam distillation(SD),enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation(EHSD),ultrasonic-assisted steam distillation(UASD),microwave-assisted steam distillation(MASD)and squeezing(SQ),and its chemical compositions were analyzed by GC-MS.R language platform was used for principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster heatmap analysis to compare the differences in their component characteristics.The structural differences of the obtained ginger dregs were observed by microscope.The oil yields of steam distillation,enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation,ultrasonic-assisted steam distillation and microwave-assisted steam distillation were 0.18%,0.19%,0.21%and 0.18%,respectively.GC-MS analysis showed that the volatile oil obtained was similar in composition,59-65 compounds were identified.The oil yield of squeezing was 0.10%,three compounds were identified,namelyα-zingerene,β-phellandrene and 6-shogaol.Microscopic observation showed that the number of oil cells in per unit area of the dregs obtained by the four distillation methods was less than that of the squeezing method.The volatile components of ginger may be affected by enzyme,ultrasound and microwave,therefore,the chemical composition and relative peak area of volatile oils obtained by different extraction methods had characteristic differences.Squeezing can easily and quickly extractα-zingiberene,β-sesquiphellandrene and 6-shogaol in ginger.Our research may provide some reference for the selection of the extraction method of ginger volatile oil in practical application and the further development and utilization of ginger.
作者
晏菲
王开亮
张小飞
邹俊波
贾妍卓
李佳怡
史亚军
YAN Fei;WANG Kai-liang;ZHANG Xiao-fei;ZOU Jun-bo;JIA Yan-zhuo;LI Jia-yi;SHI Ya-jun(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research,College of Pharmacy,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712046,China)
出处
《天然产物研究与开发》
CAS
CSCD
2022年第12期1999-2010,2076,共13页
Natural Product Research and Development
基金
陕西省重点研发计划(2020SF-316)
陕西中医药大学学科创新团队项目(2019-YL11)
国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202110716029)。
