摘要
地震保险法律制度是国家应对地震巨灾的基础制度,然而该制度的实施在中国仍然处于探索阶段,对于增强国家防预能力、社会防灾意识和人民抗灾信心,并没有发挥积极的基础性作用。本研究以“9·5”四川泸定6.8级地震为例,评估中国地震保险法律制度的可行进路;通过与新西兰、日本、美国的地震保险法律制度对比,总结中国地震法律保险制度的问题。研究结果表明,尽管中国不断出台地震巨灾保险政策,但仍存在缺失专门的地震保险法、人们的地震保险投保率低、地震保险赔偿对象单一等问题,中国地震保险法律体系尚未构建完备。中国应当从制定专门的地震保险法律,探索地震高发山区的强制+自愿式保险制度、扩展地震保险赔偿对象、提升山区居民地震保险意识几个方面进一步完善地震保险法律制度。
The legal system of earthquake insurance legislated by a government is primitively designed to deal with earthquake catastrophe on a permanent basis.Unfortunately,the complete implementation of the system in China is still far from perfection.It did not play a positive and pivotal role in strengthening the national capacity to prevent disasters,the social awareness of disaster prevention and the people s confidence in disaster resilience.In this study,it took Luding Earthquake of Magnitude 6.8,Sichuan,China,September 5,2022 as a case study,trying to identity the legal presence and feasible realization of the legal system of earthquake insurance in the mountainous areas,where earthquakes had been haunted for years.Through the comparison with the earthquake insurance legal system of New Zealand,Japan and the United States,the issues of the enforcement of the system in China were recognized.It found out that although China had continuously introduced earthquake catastrophe insurance policies into the administration of earthquake-prone mountainous areas,it must be point out that China s earthquake insurance legal system has not yet been completed.There was legal deficiency in the system,such as not inclusive of a single earthquake insurance law,and the low rate of people s earthquake insurance coverage,and the single object of earthquake insurance compensation,all of which contributed to the unfavorable situation.The following steps should be proposed by us for the improvement of the legal system of earthquake insurance of China:legislate special earthquake insurance laws;introduce compulsory plus voluntary insurance system in mountainous areas with high earthquake potential;expand the compensation beneficiary of earthquake insurance;and promote the awareness of earthquake insurance among mountain residents.
作者
王渝孜
傅晶晶
WANG Yuzi;FU Jingjing(Law School,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China)
出处
《山地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期717-726,共10页
Mountain Research
基金
西南石油大学人文专项基金(2017RW010)。
关键词
地震灾害
地震保险法律制度
泸定地震
earthquake disaster
legal system of earthquake insurance
the Luding earthquake
