摘要
针对目前荒漠煤矿区排土场治理技术单一、配套措施不完备、缺乏效果好和低成本的生态恢复对位配置技术模式等问题,以内蒙古乌海已治理的14座排土场为研究对象,进行野外植被调查和土壤取样分析,选取13项指标从植被恢复、土壤改良和经济性3个层面构建评价体系,结合主成分和熵权法确定指标权重,进行技术模式综合评价,筛选最佳生态修复对位配置技术模式,并提出应用建议。结果表明:1)荒漠煤矿区不同立地类型对位配置技术包括砾石压盖、沙柳网格、毯帘护坡、砖砌方形/拱形骨架和密目网覆盖等坡面防护措施;生态袋截排水、干砌石截水沟和波纹管排水等截排水措施;2)毯帘覆盖+生态袋排水+播种模式在中层陡阴阳坡、中层急阴阳坡和中层陡阴坡等立地类型均适宜推广;3)砖砌方形/拱形骨架恢复效果不同是由于布设规格及施工质量差异导致。由此得出结论:1)阴坡土壤水分消耗较少,蒸腾作用弱,更有利于植被恢复;2)砖砌方形/拱形骨架相比于毯帘覆盖,更有利于土壤中有机碳和氮素的积累。
[Background]Extensive mining in the Northwest arid desert area has caused serious ecological environment destruction.The ecological restoration of waste dump is very difficult.At present,the ecological restoration modes of waste dump restoration engineering is single and the matching measures are incomplete.Besides there is a shortage of ecological restoration modes which are suitable for the application of different site types in the Northwest arid desert area with well restoration effect.The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate ecological restoration modes and pick out suitable ecological restoration modes for different site types.Besides we will make suggestions for each mode based on soil carbon storage;soil total nitrogen storage and C/N.[Methods]We investigated the vegetation growth status and soil physical and chemical properties of 14 restored waste dumps in Wuhai city.We selected 13 indices from vegetation restoration,soil modification and economic cost to construct evaluation system by the combination of component analysis and entropy weight.The evaluation system was then used to screen suitable ecological restoration modes.[Results]1)The ecological restoration modes that are suitable for different site types consisted of interception and drainage measures and slope protection measures,i.e.,gravel capping,Salix pammophila checkerboard,blanket covering,brick square/arch sash,dense mesh covering,ecological bag interception and drainage,dry masonry interception ditch,pipe drainage,and sowing.2)Blanket covering+ecological bag drainage+sowing mode was suitable for both of medium layer steep shady-sunny slopes;medium layer turned-sharply shady-sunny slopes and medium layer steep shady slopes.3)The recovery effect of the brick square/arch sash was slightly different,resulting from the difference of layout size and construction quality.[Conculsions]1)The shady slope is more conducive to vegetation restoration,resulting from lower vegetation transpiration and less soil water consumption.2)Compared
作者
李青峰
郭小平
万亚俊
薛心悦
苏瑞东
LI Qingfeng;GUO Xiaoping;WAN Yajun;XUE Xinyue;SU Ruidong(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Inner Mongolia Guangna Coal Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.,016000,Wuhai,Inner Mongolia,China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期94-108,共15页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“内蒙古典型矿区差异化修复治理模式与解决方案研究”(2020ZD0021)。
关键词
排土场
生态修复技术模式
评价体系
立地类型
waste dump slope
ecological restoration mode
evaluation system
site type
