摘要
本文主要考察2012年以来中国商品国际竞争力的变化趋势及现状。基于市场份额、显示性比较优势指数、出口技术复杂度、出口相似度、出口商品质量等多个指标,利用186个国家和地区的细分商品数据,测算发现,近十年来,中国商品国际竞争力持续增强,出口质量提升和出口结构优化势头显著,资本密集型和高技术商品比较优势日益凸显,第一大出口国地位进一步巩固。与此同时,出口技术复杂度提升势头放缓,传统劳动密集型和低技术商品比较优势下降偏快,资本密集型和高技术商品优势尚不巩固,疫情阻隔加大订单外流和产业链转移压力,出口竞争力提升面临新结构性挑战。
This paper tries to investigate international competitiveness of China’s merchandise exports since 2012.Using micro product level data of 186 economic entities,the paper calculates several indicators,including market share,revealed comparative advantage,export sophistication,export similarity and export quality,and based on these indicators to evaluate merchandise export competitiveness of China.Results show that export quality has been enhancing and export structure has been upgrading significantly;more and more capital and high-tech intensive goods gaining comparative advantage in the international market.These results indicate that merchandises export competitiveness of China has been becoming stronger steadily.However,the growth rate of export sophistication index slowed down;labor and low-tech intensive goods have been losing comparative advantage rapidly;the advantage basis for capital and high-tech intensive goods is weak;the number of order is decreasing and industry chain is under the threat of transferring to other countries due to COVID-19.All of these reveal that China’s export is facing new challenges in the aspect of structure.
作者
陈昌盛
胡翠
许伟
Chen Changsheng;Hu Cui;Xu Wei(Macroeconomic Research Department,Development Research Center of the State Council;School of International Trade and Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics)
出处
《管理世界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第12期26-38,75,共14页
Journal of Management World
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“区域贸易协定下中间品贸易自由化与出口商品质量升级:影响机制、因果关系及福利效应”(基金号:71873153)、“人工智能对出口高质量发展的影响:机理、效应与最优政策设计”(基金号:72273158)
教育部人文社科青年基金“中国对‘一带一路’国家的出口机遇识别与贸易促进研究”(基金号:20YJC790024)的资助。
关键词
货物贸易
国际竞争力
出口结构
merchandise trade
international competitiveness
export structure
