摘要
我国《反有组织犯罪法》设置专章,规定了涉案财产全面调查、实体处置措施及程序规范,在贯彻“打财断血”刑事政策的同时,注重保护利害关系人的合法财产权益,加强企业产权保护。在有组织犯罪企业化背景下,涉案财产处置和产权保护方面的立法与司法仍存在不足。在比例原则视角下,在刑事处置方面,办案机关应当对查封、扣押、冻结和处置涉案财产的范围进行限定;对追缴、没收与责令赔偿、罚金、没收财产进行功能界分;对追缴、没收违法所得收益、等值财产、第三人财产的实体处置措施限制适用,并依法退还与案件无关财物,即时返还被害人合法财产。同时,在涉案财产强制措施必要性审查、涉案财产认定和处置的刑事推定方面予以程序规范和制约。在产权保护方面,应当明确涉案财产及其处置的民法属性与法律后果,克服“先刑后民”的传统思维,促进刑民衔接;从利益衡平角度,合理区分涉案企业及员工的违法所得与合法财产,尽量减少对企业正常经营活动的影响,并通过涉案企业合规治理,实现预防犯罪的刑罚目的。
The Anti Organized Crime Law of our country has set up a special chapter,which stipulates the comprehensive investigation,substantive disposal measures and procedural norms of the property involved in the case.While implementing the criminal policy of“striking property and cutting off blood”,it pays attention to protecting the legitimate property rights and interests of stakeholders and strengthens the protection of enterprise property rights.In the context of organized crime enterprization,there are still deficiencies in the legislation and justice of property disposal and property rights protection.From the perspective of the principle of proportionality,in the aspect of criminal disposal,the case handling organs should limit the scope of sealing up,detaining,freezing and disposing of the property involved.The case handling organs should make a functional distinction between recovery,confiscation and order for compensation,fine and confiscation of property.The case handling organs should limit the application of the substantive disposal measures to recover and confiscate the illegal gains,equivalent property and the property of a third party,and return the property irrelevant to the case according to law,and immediately return the legal property of the victims.At the same time,we should standardize and restrict the procedure in the necessity review of the compulsory measures of the property involved,and the criminal presumption of the identification and disposal of the property involved.In the aspect of property rights protection,we should clarify the civil law attributes and legal consequences of the property involved and its disposal,overcome the traditional thinking of“criminal before civil”,and promote the connection between criminal and civil.From the perspective of interest balance,we should reasonably distinguish the illegal income and legal property of the enterprises and employees involved,minimize the impact on the normal business activities of the enterprises,and achieve the criminal purpose
作者
张勇
王丽珂
Zhang Yong;Wang Like
出处
《中州学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第10期51-60,共10页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
关键词
有组织犯罪
涉案财产处置
比例原则
产权保护
organized crimes
disposal of the property involved
principle of proportionality
property protection
