摘要
宋代端午、经筵御书赐扇,是帝王光宠近臣、儒臣的一种政治手段。这种日常化、私人化的政治表达,往往与皇帝的权力变动及人事安排联系在一起,因而备受时人的关注。而文人书扇,其主要目的是以扇面书写为纽带,进行人际交往与情感沟通,其内容须与人伦日用相谐和。文人书扇是艺术娱乐人生的一种方式,意在博人一粲,其用典、取象,皆须贴合持扇人的职业、身份、文化特征与人生需求。文人书扇诗对“唯一性”与“娱乐性”的追求,在一定程度上促进了“藏名体”“嵌名体”诗词的流行。宋代书扇诗,主要有选配与自创两种形式。截句、绝句字数少,所占空间较小,形式上均衡、和谐,便于扇面书写,因而颇受书扇人的青睐。幽冷、闲适,是宋人书扇诗在意境上最明显、最普遍的一个特点。它既是书扇者截取、选录唐诗一个重要标准,也是宋人创作扇面诗的一个主动、自觉的诗学选择。幽冷之境的传达,可以用冷色调的形容词、名词来进行字面提示,也可以通过意象组合,从游仙诗、山水诗中汲取营养,以此构建一个清凉的世界,或营造一个萧瑟、冷落景象。但除非是截取、过录唐诗,宋人更倾向借助于扇面上的诗境,用一种平静、和悦的,超越名利、带有一定隐逸姿态的心境,来对抗来自酷暑或人心的“炎热”与“躁动”。其结果是,宋代书扇诗渐变为一种特殊类型的闲适诗。
In the Song Dynasty, fans inscribed by emperors at the Dragon Boat Festival and during lectures of the imperial court were a political measure for emperors to bestow glory on courtiers and learned officials. This routine personal political expression used to be connected with changes in imperial power and personnel appointments, attracting great attention from the people. By contrast, fans inscribed by literati were mainly aimed at establishing interpersonal relationships and sharing emotions, the content of which needed to be in harmony with ethics for daily use. Literati regarded writing on fans as a way of enjoying life by art, which was intended to amuse others and required to quote classics and adopt images in line with the user’s vocation, status, cultural identity and needs in life. The pursuit of “uniqueness” and “entertainment” in poems written on fans by literati promoted the popularity of poems with “concealed names” and “embedded names” to some extent. Poems written on fans in the Song Dynasty were mainly in the forms of excerpts and original creations. Quatrains(jieju or jueju in Chinese) with fewer characters were easy to be inscribed on fans as they occupied less space and looked symmetrical and harmonious in form, and therefore they were highly popular with people writing on fans. Seclusion and leisurely comfort were the most obvious and universal characteristics in terms of artistic conception. This was not only an important standard for people writing on fans to extract and select poems of the Tang Dynasty, but also an active and spontaneous poetic selection by people in the creation of poems on fans in the Song Dynasty. To convey an atmosphere of seclusion, adjectives and nouns in cold tones could be used to give literal hints. Besides, by combining images and absorbing nutrients from poems about fairylands and natural landscape, a world of coolness or a bleak and desolate sight could also be created. However, unless the poems were extracted or copied from those in the Tang Dy
作者
钱建状
QIAN Jian-zhuang(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)
出处
《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期143-154,共12页
Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)
关键词
宋人
扇面书写
日用
游戏
people in the Song Dynasty
writing on fans
daily use
game
