摘要
【目的】明确氮肥和栽植密度对水稻生长特性和产量的影响,了解不同品种适宜的栽植密度和氮肥施用量,以期为超级稻高产优质提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以超级稻品种深优9516和荣优225为试验材料,设置24×10^(4)(D1)、27×10^(4)(D2)、30×10^(4)穴/hm^(2)(D3)3个栽植密度,以及0(N0)、120(N1)、150(N2)、180 kg/hm^(2)(N3)4个施氮量,共12个处理。在水稻关键生育期测定株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量,成熟期测定产量及构成因子。【结果】与N0处理相比,株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累量随施氮量的增加呈增加趋势,表现为N3>N2>N1>N0,两个品种在早季、晚季关键生育时期(分蘖期、幼穗分化期、齐穗期)表现一致。与D1处理相比,株高、LAI、干物质积累量随密度的增加呈增加趋势,表现为D3>D2>D1。比较产量发现早稻深优9516经N1D3处理、荣优225经N3D3处理,晚稻深优9516经N3D1处理、荣优225经N2D3处理产量最高。方差分析结果表明,株高、LAI、干物质积累量、产量及产量构成因子与施氮量、栽植密度呈显著或极显著正相关关系,且氮肥和密度具有互作效应,其中氮密互作对株高、LAI、干物质积累量、有效穗数、产量具有正效应。【结论】结合水稻的生长特性和产量特征,深优9516宜采用纯氮施用量180 kg/hm^(2)(N3)、密度27×10^(4)穴/hm^(2)(D2)组合,荣优225宜采用纯氮施用量180 kg/hm^(2)(N3)、密度30×10^(4)穴/hm^(2)(D3)组合。
【Objective】This study was carried out to clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on rice growth characteristics and yield,and to understand the suitable density treatment and nitrogen fertilizer application rate for different varieties,in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for high quality and high yield of super rice.【Method】Super rice varieties Shenyou 9516 and Rongyou 225 were used as experimental materials.Three planting densities 24×10^(4)holes/hm^(2)(D1),27×10^(4)holes/hm^(2)(D2)and 30×10^(4)holes/hm^(2)(D3)and four nitrogen application rates 0 kg/hm^(2)(N0),120 kg/hm^(2)(N1),150 kg/hm^(2)(N2)and 180 kg/hm^(2)(N3)were set up.The plant height,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were measured in the key growth period of rice,and the yield and yield components were measured in the mature period.【Result】Compared with N0 treatment,the plant height,leaf area index(LAI)and dry matter accumulation increased with the increment of nitrogen application rate,which showed the trend of N3>N2>N1>N0.The two varieties showed the same performance in the key growth period of early and late seasons(tillering stage,young panicle differentiation stage,full heading stage).Compared with D1 treatment,plant height,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation increased with the increment of density,presented as D3>D2>D1.Comparing the yield,it was found that the yield of Shenyou 9516 treated with N1D3 and Rongyou 225 treated with N3D3 in early rice,Shenyou 9516 treated with N3D1 and Rongyou 225 treated with N2D3 in late rice was the highest.Analysis of variance showed that plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,yield and yield components were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with nitrogen application rate and planting density,and nitrogen fertilizer and density had interaction effects,among which interaction of and nitrogen density had positive effects on plant height,LAI,dry matter accumulation,effective panicles and yield.
作者
张悦
邹积祥
张彬
伍龙梅
黄庆
陆秀明
包晓哲
杨陶陶
陈青春
ZHANG Yue;ZOU Jixiang;ZHANG Bin;WU Longmei;HUANG Qing;LU Xiuming;BAO Xiaozhe;YANG Taotao;CHEN Qingchun(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology for Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Agriculture&Biology,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2022年第9期161-171,共11页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2019A1515110860,2021A1515012122)
广东省农业科学院农业新兴产业学科团队建设项目(202112TD)
广东省科技计划项目(2020B1212060047)。
关键词
水稻
施氮量
密度
产量
氮密互作
减氮增产
群体结构
rice
nitrogen application rate
density
yield
interaction of nitrogen and density
nitrogen reduction and yield increase
population structure
