摘要
为探讨施氮量对春小麦灌浆特性及产量的调节规律,在大田条件下,以中强筋春小麦品种克春130290为材料,分析了4个施肥水平下春小麦籽粒干重、产量和产量构成因素的差异。结果表明:施肥处理较不施肥处理籽粒干重提高45.00%~73.60%,籽粒干重在纯氮施用量为75~82 kg·hm^(-2)时,达到最大值;施肥处理较不施肥处理最多增产1388.21 kg·hm^(-2),当纯氮施用量为82 kg·hm^(-2)时,产量已达到较高值,为4129.95 kg·hm^(-2),继续增施氮肥,氮肥利用率有所降低;施氮量在75~90 kg·hm^(-2)时,小麦的有效穗数、千粒重、单株穗数在施氮量为82 kg·hm^(-2)时达到最高,继续增施氮肥反而降低,穗粒数、穗长、有效小穗数在此范围内差异不大,不孕小穗数在施氮量为82 kg·hm^(-2)时最少。综上表明,本试验条件下春小麦品种克春130290在克山地区最适宜的施氮量为82 kg·hm^(-2)。
In order to discuss the regulation rule of nitrogen application rate on grain filling properties and yield formation of spring wheat,under the field condition,the medium-strength spring wheat variety Kechun 130290 as the material was used to conduct the experiment of the four fertilizer application levels on grain dry weight,yield and its components.The results showed that the fertilizer treatments increased grain dry weight by 45.00%-73.60%and compared with the non-fertilizer treatments,and grain dry weight reached the maximum value in the range of 75-82 kg·ha^(-1) of pure N.The maximum yield increased of 1388.21 kg·ha^(-1) was achieved in the fertilizer treatments which were compared with the non-fertilizer treatments,and the yield reached a high value of 4129.95 kg·ha^(-1) when the pure N application rate was 82 kg·ha^(-1).The number of effective spikes,1000-grain weight and number of spikelets per plant of wheat reached the highest value at 82 kg·ha^(-1) when nitrogen was applied at 75-90 kg·ha^(-1),and decreased with further application of nitrogen fertilizer.The number of infertile spikelets was lowest at 82 kg·ha^(-1).In summary,the optimum N application rate for this spring wheat variety Kechun 130290 was 82 kg·ha^(-1) under the conditions of this trial in Keshan area.
作者
代丽婷
刘宁涛
车京玉
张起昌
马勇
田超
尹雪巍
DAI Li-ting;LIU Ning-tao;CHE Jing-yu;ZHANG Qi-chang;MA Yong;TIAN Chao;YIN Xue-wei(Keshan Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161000,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2022年第5期29-33,共5页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家小麦产业技术体系克山试验站(CARS-03)
黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX04-03)
黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2021B005)
黑龙江省现代农业产业技术小麦协同创新推广体系。
关键词
春小麦
氮肥
灌浆特性
产量
spring wheat
nitrogen
grain filling properties
yield
