摘要
明确黑龙江省黑土区玉米田氮肥减施效应和碳足迹特征,对于本地区合理施肥、发展低碳农业和保障农业可持续发展具有积极作用。本研究基于玉米肥料田间试验,分析不同氮肥减施比例对玉米产量、氮素吸收利用及损失的影响,利用生命周期法估算农资投入和田间操作引起的直接或间接碳排放量,分析碳足迹变化。结果表明:与农民习惯施肥处理相比,在黑龙江省黑土区减施氮肥10%~20%(赵光农场施氮量127.2 kg/hm^(2)、青冈县施氮量130.9 kg/hm^(2)、双城区施氮量186.5 kg/hm^(2))不影响玉米产量及氮素吸收,可提高氮肥回收率和农学效率(增幅分别在9.5%~25.7%和9.9%~28.2%之间),增加经济收益,减少土壤N_(2)O排放、氨挥发和氮素淋溶损失,过量减施氮肥会导致玉米减产降效减收。合理减施氮肥显著降低玉米田单位产量碳足迹,降幅在4.2%~12.4%之间。综上,黑龙江省黑土区玉米田合理减施氮肥可稳产、增效、降损和增收,并可大幅度降低玉米田碳足迹。
It is positive for rational fertilization,low carbon agriculture and agricultural sustainable development of Heilongjiang Province to clarify nitrogen reduction effect and carbon footprint characteristics of maize field in black soil area.This study was performed in the field in Zhaoguang Farm,Qinggang County and Shuangcheng District,and analyzed the effects of different nitrogen reduction on maize yield,nitrogen uptake,utilization and losses.Then life cycle method was applied to estimate the direct or indirect carbon emissions caused by agricultural inputs and field operations and analyze the change of carbon footprint.The results are as following:the yield and N uptake of maize in black soil area of Heilongjiang province were not affected by 10%-20%N fertilizer reduction(127.2 kg/hm^(2) in Zhaoguang Farm,130.9 kg/km2 in Qinggang County and 186.5 kg/hm^(2) in Shuangcheng District,respectively)compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,but the N recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency were increased by 9.5%-25.7%and 9.9%-28.2%,respectively;The economic benefits were increased,and the soil N_(2)O emission,ammonia volatilization and N leaching loss were reduced.Excessive reduction of N fertilizer would lead to yield reduction,efficiency reduction and income reduction,whereas proper reduction of N fertilizer significantly reduced the carbon footprint per unit yield of maize field by 4.2%-12.4%.In conclusion,proper reduction of N fertilizer application in maize field could stabilize yield and play a role in improvement of N use efficiency,decrease of N losses,increase of income,and great reduce of carbon footprint of maize field in black soil area of Heilongjiang Province.
作者
郝小雨
孙磊
马星竹
王爽
周宝库
匡恩俊
李伟群
HAO Xiaoyu;SUN Lei;MA Xingzhu;WANG Shuang;ZHOU Baoku;KUANG Enjun;LI Weiqun(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Institute of Agricultural Science,the Tenth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Beitun 836007,China)
出处
《河北农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期10-18,F0003,共10页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural University
基金
科技基础资源调查专项项目(2021FY100404-1)
黑龙江省农业科学院专项(HNK2019CX1310)
国家大豆产业技术体系项目(CARS-04)
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFD0300503-02).
关键词
黑龙江省
黑土
氮肥减施
氮素损失
碳足迹
Heilongjiang Province
black soil
nitrogen reduction
nitrogen losses
carbon footprint
