摘要
为了提高西瓜种植中的水肥利用效率,探索肥料高效利用方法,以小果型红瓤西瓜L600为试验材料,研究了水肥一体化条件下配方施肥量冲施肥(金土地,20-10-10)追肥、常规施肥量增减用量20%普通化肥追肥和常规施肥量普通化肥追肥(对照)在西瓜种植中的效果,比较了西瓜的长势、品质、产量和效益等指标。结果表明:追施配方施肥量冲施肥的西瓜植株生长势最好,膨果期株高和叶面积、667 m^(2)产量与667 m^(2)效益均最高,分别为249.17 cm、426.92 cm^(2)、3 217.21 kg与17 082.5元,分别较对照显著提高12.0%、19.0%、6.8%和8.1%;品质较好,中心可溶性固形物含量、边缘可溶性固形物含量分别为13.2%、9.8%,比对照分别提高0.7、0.9百分点,其中边缘可溶性固形物含量与对照间差异显著。追施常规施肥量增量20%普通化肥的西瓜植株生长势较好,667 m^(2)产量为3 150.76 kg,比对照显著提高4.6%,边缘可溶性固形物含量最高,显著高于对照,较对照提高1.0百分点。追施常规施肥量减量20%普通化肥的西瓜植株生长势和果实品质均最差,667 m^(2)产量最低,为2 580.41 kg,比对照显著减产14.3%,中心可溶性固形物含量较对照显著降低1.3百分点。生产上建议采用西瓜滴灌追施配方施肥量冲施肥(金土地,20-10-10),每667 m^(2)用量为64 kg,且分别在伸蔓期、膨果期初期、膨果期中期滴灌追施24、24、16 kg。
In order to improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency in watermelon planting and explore the high-efficiency fertilizer application methods,using small-fruit type and red-flesh watermelon'L600'as experimental material,the effects of topdressing with formula fertilization amounts of flushing fertilizer(Jintudi,20-10-10),20%increase or 20%decrease of conventional chemical fertilization amounts and conventional chemical fertilization amounts(control)in watermelon planting were studied under the condition of integrated management of water and fertilizer,and the growth vigor,quality,yield and benefit of watermelon were compared.The results showed that under the condition of topdressing with formula fertilization amounts of flushing fertilizer,the growth vigor of watermelon plants was the best,the plant height and leaf area at the fruit expansion stage,yield and benefit of watermelon were all the highest with 249.17 cm,426.92 cm^(2),3217.21 kg per 667 m^(2) and 17082.5 yuan per 667 m^(2),respectively,which were significantly increased by 12.0%,19.0%,6.8%and 8.1%compared with the control,respectively.The quality of watermelon was better with the contents of central and marginal soluble solid with 13.2%and 9.8%,respectively,which increased by 0.7,0.9 percentage point compared with those of the control,respectively,and content of the marginal soluble solids was significantly different from that of the control.The growth vigor was better treated by 20%increase of conventional chemical fertilization amounts,whose yield of watermelon was 3150.76 kg per 667 m^(2),significantly increased by 4.6%compared with the control,and the content of marginal soluble solids was the highest,which significantly increased by 1.0 percentage point compared with the control.The plant growth vigor and fruit quality of watermelon were the worst treated by 20%decrease of conventional chemical fertilization amounts,and the yield was the lowest,which was 2580.41 kg per 667 m^(2) and significantly decreased by 14.3%compared with the con
作者
董帅
江姣
贾文红
靳凯业
于琪
潘林
李婵
芦金生
哈雪姣
DONG Shuai;JIANG Jiao;JIA Wenhong;JIN Kaiye;YU Qi;PAN Lin;LI Chan;LU Jinsheng;HA Xuejiao(Beijing Daxing District Planting Technology Extension Station,Beijing 102600,China)
出处
《蔬菜》
2024年第7期44-49,共6页
Vegetables
基金
国家西甜瓜产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-25)
北京特色作物创新团队(BAIC04-2023)。
关键词
水肥一体化
滴灌
西瓜
追肥
品质
产量
配方施肥
冲施肥
integration of water and fertilizer
drip irrigation
watermelon
topdressing
quality
yield
formula fertilization
flushing fertilizer