摘要
植物群落特征是草地生态学核心内容之一,反映草地群落发展方向。本研究以祁连山草原化草甸为对象,通过对放牧当年不同春季采食率[0 (CK)、30%、50%、70%和90%]下植物群落特征(植株高度、盖度、生物量及多样性)及变化规律进行分析,确定研究区草原化草甸适宜的春季采食率,为祁连山草原化草甸的合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明:随采食率增大,群落和禾本科的盖度和地上生物量、禾本科的重要值及各功能群优势植物[甘肃羊茅(Festuca kansuensis)、矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)、矮火绒草(Leontopoium nanum)和黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala)]的植株高度均呈降低趋势,其中30%采食率下禾本科的重要值和盖度与CK差异不显著(P> 0.05),此外,莎草科的重要值和盖度增加,其地上生物量呈先增加后减少趋势,且在30%采食率下最大,为45.6 g·m^(-2)。随采食率增大,阔叶类植物和毒害草重要值无明显变化,阔叶类植物盖度和地上生物量均呈先升高后降低趋势,且在50%采食率下最大;毒害草的盖度和地上生物量增加,且这两项指标在30%采食率下与CK相近。随采食率增大,草地植物群落Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数均在30%采食率下最小,90%采食率下最大,Simpson指数和物种丰富度无明显变化。初步研究表明,放牧当年研究区草原化草甸适宜的春季采食率为30%。
The characteristics of plant communities are one of the core aspects of grassland ecology and reflect the developmental direction of grassland communities. This study examined the alpine steppe-meadow of the Qilian mountains and analyzed the changes in characteristics(plant height, coverage, biomass, and diversity) of plant communities under different spring feeding rates [0(CK), 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%] in the grazing year to determine the appropriate spring feeding rate of grassland meadow in the study area, which may provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization of grassland meadows of the Qilian mountains. The results showed that with an increase in feeding rate, there was a decreasing trend in the coverage and aboveground biomass of the community and Gramineae, importance value of Gramineae, and plant height of dominant plants in each functional group(Festuca kansuensis, Kobresia humilis, leontopoium nanum and Oxytropis ochrocephala). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the importance value and coverage of Gramineae at 30% feeding rate and the control(P > 0.05). Furthermore, the importance value and coverage of Cyperaceae increased, its aboveground biomass first increased and then decreased, and the maximum biomass was 45.6 g·m^(-2)at 30% feeding rate.With the increase in feeding rate, no significant change was observed in the importance values of broad-leaved plants and poisonous weeds. The coverage and aboveground biomass of broad-leaved plants first increased and then decreased, and the maximum values of these two indicators were at 50% feeding rate. The coverage and aboveground biomass of poisonous weeds increased, and the values of these two indicators were similar to that of the control at 30% feeding rate. With the increase in feeding rate, the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index of grassland plant communities were the smallest under 30% feeding rate and the largest under 90% feeding rate. There was no significant change in the Simpson index and species richn
作者
杜世丽
马玉寿
李世雄
尹亚丽
赵文
苏世锋
董怡玲
王彦龙
DU Shili;MA Yushou;LI Shixiong;YIN Yali;ZHAO Wen;SU Shifeng;DONG Yiling;WANG Yanlong(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期2062-2073,共12页
Pratacultural Science
基金
高寒草地生态系统自然恢复技术集成与示范(2018-SF-137)。
关键词
春季放牧
祁连山
采食率
草原化草甸
功能群
植物群落特征
变化规律
spring grazing
Qilian mountains
feeding rate
alpine steppe-meadow
functional group
plant community characteristics
change rules
