摘要
【目的】磷的形态影响着其施入土壤后的移动分布。研究滴灌施肥中不同水溶性磷肥在石灰性土壤中的分布特征及玉米对磷素的吸收和利用,为滴灌玉米生产中的磷肥选择提供理论依据。【方法】于2018—2020年在新疆石河子市实验站开展滴灌玉米田间试验,选用玉米品种‘郑单958’作为试验材料。试验共设磷酸脲(UP)、磷酸二氢钾(MKP)、聚磷酸铵(APP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、磷酸一铵(MAP)、不施磷肥(CK)6个处理,除CK不施磷肥外,其余处理灌溉量及氮磷钾投入量均相同。玉米开花期和成熟期,分别在滴头下、根系、宽行3个位点,在垂直方向0—10、10—20、20—40 cm处采集土样,测定pH、速效磷和全磷含量。采集玉米地上部植物样品,测定茎、叶、穗器官磷素含量。在完熟期测产,计算磷肥利用效率等指标。【结果】与DAP和CK处理相比,UP处理能显著降低0—40 cm土层土壤pH,开花期UP处理土壤pH较CK和DAP分别降低了0.20和0.32个单位,成熟期分别降低了0.24和0.31个单位,MAP、APP和MKP也不同程度地降低了滴头下0—10 cm土层土壤pH。UP处理土壤有效磷在0—40 cm土层的分布最均匀,APP处理10—20 cm土壤速效磷含量显著高于UP和MAP。玉米开花期APP、UP、MAP处理土壤速效磷含量较DAP分别增加了65.47%、44.18%和23.14%,成熟期分别增加了58.08%、40.13%和127.89%。APP处理的玉米穗、叶和总磷素积累量均最高,开花期较DAP分别显著增加了29.22%、43.97%和22.43%,成熟期较DAP分别增加了65.39%、26.63%和50.60%。APP、UP、MAP处理的玉米产量没有显著差异,较DAP分别增产了18.03%、11.64%和9.46%,磷肥利用率分别较DAP增加了29.62个百分点、13.65个百分点和9.93个百分点。APP处理的磷肥偏生产力和磷肥农学效率分别较DAP增加了18.03%和174.96%。相关分析表明,玉米产量和磷素积累量与0—20 cm土层的土壤有效磷含量正相关,与20—40 cm土层土壤�
【Objectives】The property of phosphorus(P)fertilizers affects the movement and distribution of P in soil.We studied the distribution characteristics of different water-soluble P fertilizers in calcareous soil and the absorption and utilization of P by maize with fertigation.【Methods】The field test of drip irrigation corn was carried out at the experimental station of Shihezi City,Xinjiang from 2018 to 2020.The maize variety‘Zhengdan958’was selected as the test material.Six treatments were set up in the experiment:urea phosphate(UP),potassium dihydrogen phosphate(MKP),ammonium polyphosphate(APP),diammonium phosphate(DAP),monoammonium phosphate(MAP),and no phosphate fertilizer(CK).The irrigation and total NPK input amount were the same for the five fertilizer treatments except for CK.Soil samples were collected at 0–10,10–20,and 20–40 cm layer in the vertical direction at three sites of the dripper in the horizontal direction,the root system,and the wide row at the flowering and mature stages of maize.The pH value,available phosphorus and total phosphorus content of the samples were measured.The aboveground plant samples of maize were collected,and the phosphorus content in stem,leaf and ear organs were determined.The maize yield was measured at the mature stage of maize,and the fertilizer utilization efficiency and other indicators were calculated.【Results】Compared with CK and DAP,acid water soluble phosphorous fertilizer reduced soil pH to some extent.UP significantly reduced soil pH in 0–40 cm of soil around dripper:the decrements were 0.20and 0.32 units at flowering stage,and 0.24 and 0.31 units at maturity.MKP,APP and MAP reduced soil p H within 0–10 cm distance to the drippers.UP increased soil available P in 0–40 cm soil depth and the available P was evenly distributed across 0–40 cm soil layer.The available P in 0–20 cm soil depth under UP was lower than APP,but higher than that of MAP.Compared with DAP,the soil available P content in 0–20 cm soil of APP,UP and MAP treatment
作者
刘道
刘梦洁
梁飞
李全胜
田宇欣
贾宏涛
LIU Dao;LIU Meng-jie;LIANG Fei;LI Quan-sheng;TIAN Yu-xin;JIA Hong-tao(Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil and Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;College of Grass Industry,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期1720-1733,共14页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
兵团中青年领军人才计划(2018CB026)
兵团南疆重点产业重新发展支撑计划(2021DB015)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31460550)。
关键词
石灰性土壤
滴灌施肥
水溶性磷肥
玉米
土壤磷素分布
磷素吸收
磷肥利用率
calcareous soil
fertigation
water-soluble phosphate fertilizer
maize
soil phosphorus distribution
phosphorus absorption
phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency
