摘要
住房资产在中国城镇居民家庭总资产中占有绝对比重,住房资产的不平等是居民资产分配乃至社会分层的直观反映,直接关系到国家的稳定发展。过去十多年来,无论是全国总体还是重点城市的房价都快速上涨,房价直接影响资产价值,房价的财富调节效应与住房不平等问题受到广泛关注。基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2011年、2013年、2015年和2017年的数据,通过对四年的样本进行分组统计分析,以及运用广义熵指数、基尼系数、阿特金森指数等指标对城镇居民家庭住房资产以及总资产不平等进行测度和分解,研究发现:无论是全国整体,还是不同地区间以及地区内部,中国城镇居民家庭的住房不平等问题都较为突出,城镇居民住房资产存在严重的分化。在各类资产中,家庭住房资产不平等与总资产不平等的相关性最高,家庭住房资产不平等是居民家庭总体资产不平等的重要诱因。同时,在这期间中国城镇居民家庭住房不平等状况呈现出先降后升的“U”型趋势。进一步通过混合截面数据回归分析住房不平等的影响因素,得出结论:家庭收入、户主受教育年限、户主健康状况以及家庭金融市场参与度等都是影响家庭住房资产不平等的重要因素。基于此,政府应当坚决贯彻落实“房住不炒”方针,扶持刚需住房,并考虑不同城市、地区之间的异质性,因城施策。同时也要优化市场环境,加快推进金融市场化,提高居民的金融市场参与度,通过多种手段缓解居民住房不平等问题。
Housing assets account for an absolute proportion of the total assets of urban households in China,and the inequality of housing assets is a visual reflection of the distribution of residents’assets and even social stratification,which is directly related to the stable development of the country.Over the past decade,house prices have risen rapidly,both nationally in general and in key cities.Because house prices directly affect asset values,the wealth-adjusting effect of house prices and housing inequality are of increasing concern.On the one hand,it is related to people’s basic needs for“good living”and directly affects people’s sense of gain.On the other hand,it also constitutes an important causal factor for the uneven distribution of income and property,which seriously threatens the sustainable economic development and social harmony and stability.Based on data of China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)in 2011,2013,2015 and 2017,through grouping and statistical analysis of the samples for four years,and using indicators such as generalized entropy index,Gini coefficient and Atkinson index to measure the inequality of household housing assets,the research shows that:The housing assets of urban residents vary greatly,whether nationwide,different regions or within regions.The housing inequality of urban residents in China is relatively prominent,especially in the eastern region.And the housing assets of urban residents are seriously differentiated.Then splits the household total assets and measures the inequality,the research finds that among all kinds of assets,household housing asset inequality has the highest correlation with total asset inequality,and household housing asset inequality is an important inducement of household total asset inequality.At the same time,during this period,the housing inequality of urban residents showed the U-shaped trend,which means it has decreased first and then rose.Further,through the regression analysis of the influencing factors of the housing inequality with the mix
作者
赵伟
盛悦菲
ZHAO Wei;SHENG Yue-fei(School of Economics and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Center for China’s Housing Security and Real Estate Economy Research,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《统计与信息论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第11期94-106,共13页
Journal of Statistics and Information
基金
武汉大学自主科研项目(人文社会科学)“深入贯彻‘房住不炒’的必要性、长期性和政策思路研究”(2020 SK034)
国家社会科学基金重大项目“供给侧结构性改革与发展新动力研究”(16ZDA006)。
关键词
城镇居民家庭
住房不平等
住房资产
变化趋势
基尼系数分解法
urban households
housing inequality
housing assets
changing trend
Gini coefficient decomposition
