摘要
工业智能化是中国制造业由大到强的必经之路,但工业智能化在推动中国传统制造业转型升级的同时,也会对劳动力市场的就业总量和就业结构造成重大影响。在分析中国工业智能化影响不同技能劳动者就业的理论机制基础上,本文首先对不同技能劳动者的就业量进行测度,并分析其空间特征;其次通过构建时间与空间双固定的空间杜宾模型,从不同技能和不同性别两个维度实证检验工业智能化对劳动者就业的影响;最后在考虑到中国东、中、西部地区经济发展和技术进步存在显著差异的基础上,检验工业智能化对东、中、西部地区不同技能、不同性别劳动者就业效应的影响。研究发现,工业智能化对不同技能和不同性别劳动者就业量的直接效应、间接效应和总效应均呈现出明显的地区差异。本文指出中国应高度关注和重视工业智能化对中、低技能劳动者造成的就业替代效应;应结合工业智能化对劳动力技能的新要求,深化高等学校人才培养和科研体制改革,放大工业智能化的就业创造效应;各级政府应重视工业智能化发展与劳动者幸福生活之间的关系,提高就业公共服务水平;同时,提升工业智能化水平,加强智能化与制造业的深度融合。
To develop industrial intelligence is the only way for China’s manufacturing industry to grow from large to strong.However,the industrial intelligence in China will not only prompt the transformation and upgrading of its traditional manufacturing industry,but also have important impacts on its total employment and employment structure of the labor market.Based on the theoretical analysis of industrial intelligence on employments with different skills,this paper first measures employment with different skill levels and analyzes their spatial features.Next,this paper investigates the employment effects in two dimensions of genders and skill levels by constructing the spatial Dubin model with controlling both time effects and space effects.Finally,this paper continues to investigate these effects on employments with different skill levels and genders in eastern region,middle region and western region by considering the fact that the economic development and technical progress are obviously different in these three regions.It finds that the direct effects,the indirect effects and the total effects of industrial intelligence on employments with different skill levels and genders are significantly different among regions.So this paper provides following suggestions.Firstly,governments should pay more attention to unemployment risks on low-skilled labourers and median-skilled labourers caused by industrial intelligence.Secondly,governments should conform to the new requirements on labourers needed by the industry,carry out deeper reform on education and scientific research system in colleges,and amplify the creative effect of industrial intelligence.Thirdly,local governments should concern the relationship between the development of industrial intelligence and the happy life of labourers,and improve public services of employment.Finally,governments should continue to develop industrial intelligence,and integrate it and manufacturing.
作者
汪前元
魏守道
金山
陈辉
Wang Qianyuan;Wei Shoudao;Jin Shan;Chen Hui(Research Center for National Finance, Guangdong University of Finance;School of Business Administration, Guangdong University of Finance;South China Institute of Financial Innovation, Guangdong University of Finance;School of Insurance, Guangdong University of Finance)
出处
《管理世界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第10期110-125,共16页
Journal of Management World
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“人工智能对劳动者福利的多维冲击及其制度安排(19BJL098)”的支持。
关键词
工业智能化
就业
替代效应
创造效应
industrial intelligence
employment
substitution effect
creative effect
