摘要
稀土元素是镧系元素和钪、钇共十七种金属元素的总称。由于稀土具有独特的光、电、磁等物理化学性质,在新能源、通信、航空航天、国防军工等高新技术领域应用广泛,被誉为“工业维生素”,因此它们是一类重要的战略资源。稀土是我国的优势资源,同时,我国也是稀土生产和消费大国。自20世纪90年代以来,我国一直是主要的稀土生产国,提供了全球80%以上的稀土原材料供给,其中重稀土的供给占90%以上。长期的产/储比失衡和粗放式利用已经引发了严峻的资源与环境安全问题。因此,对我国的稀土资源现状、资源可利用性和资源安全风险做一个客观的梳理和评价已成为当务之急。本文系统概述了我国现有稀土资源储量、主要类型和分布现状,评估了我国稀土资源的可利用性,提出“保轻扩重”和“绿色开采”是我国未来稀土资源勘查与利用应遵循的重要原则。
Rare earth elements(REE) have unique physical and chemical properties and are critical raw materials for the high-technology industries. They are known as “industrial vitamins” and are widely used in clean energy, communications,national defense and military industries and other high-tech fields. China is the major producer and consumer of REE.Since the 1990s, China has been the major rare earth producer, providing more than 80% of the global REE supply,especially the heavy REE(up to 90%). The sustainability of the long-term high volume and gross production and the corresponding environmental security issues are becoming matters of concern. Therefore, it is the time to make a review of the REE mineral reserves in China, and to make a perspective on the global REE availability and supply risks. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the REE occurrences, deposit types, reserves, and environmental impacts in China. We suggest that “heavy REE exploration” and “efficient and clean mining” are the long-term goals in future exploration and production of REE mineral resources in China.
作者
何宏平
杨武斌
HE Hongping;YANG Wubin(CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)
出处
《大地构造与成矿学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期829-841,共13页
Geotectonica et Metallogenia
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2901705)
广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2019B030302013)
广东省科技计划项目(2020B1212060055)
中国科学院地球科学研究院重点部署项目(IGGCAS-201901)联合资助。
关键词
稀土资源
碱性岩型
风化壳型
资源可利用性
资源安全风险
rare earth elements
carbonatite-alkaline REE deposit
regolith-host REE deposit
mineral resource availability
mineral supply risk
