摘要
机器换人背景下,制造业企业作为创新主体,需集中优质资源合力实现关键技术突破和核心设备自主可控,巩固市场优势和竞争优势,加速制造业国产化替代进程。基于2011—2019年的制造业行业面板数据并将产品质量升级纳入机器换人和制造业国产化替代分析框架的实证研究表明,机器换人有利于加速制造业国产化替代进程,效率提升型产品质量升级和技术优化型产品质量升级是其主要作用机制。并且,机器换人对制造业国产化替代的影响具有行业异质性,机器换人的促进作用在劳动密集型行业和技术密集型行业中更为突出,但不会受到行业研发人员密度异质性的影响。上述结论意味着,合理应对机器换人冲击是促进制造业国产化替代稳定向好的关键,对劳动密集型和技术密集型等重点行业精准施策将带来更为有效的国产化替代促进效果。
In the context of machine replacement,the manufacturing enterprises as innovative enti-ties need to concentrate high-quality resources and work together to achieve breakthroughs in the key technologies and the independent control of core equipment,consolidate market and competitive ad-vantages,and accelerate the process of domestic substitution in the manufacturing industry.Based on the panel data of the manufacturing industry from 2011 to 2019 and incorporating product quality up-grading into the analysis framework of machine replacement and localization substitution in the manu-facturing industry,this paper conducts an empirical research.The findings show that machine replace-ment is beneficial for accelerating the localization substitution process in the manufacturing industry.The quality upgrading of the efficiency enhancing products and the technology optimizing products are their main mechanisms of action.Moreover,the impact of machine replacement on domestic substitu-tion in the manufacturing industry has industrial heterogeneity.The promotion effect of machine re-placement is more prominent in labor-intensive and technology-intensive industries,but it is not affect-ed by the heterogeneity of R&D personnel density in the industry.The above conclusion indicates that a reasonable response to the impact of machine replacement is the key to promoting the stable and positive localization substitution in the manufacturing industry.The precise measures for the key in-dustries such as labor-intensive and technology-intensive industries will bring more effective promotion effects in localization substitution.
作者
张本秀
吴福象
ZHANG Ben-xiu;WU Fu-xiang(Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)
出处
《当代财经》
北大核心
2024年第1期3-17,共15页
Contemporary Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国深度参与全球创新链治理的机制、路径与政策研究”(20&ZD123)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国制造业关键核心技术突破及实现路径研究”(72073061)
江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“数字基建赋能江苏省关键核心技术创新研究”(KYCX23_0010)。
关键词
机器换人
效率提升
技术优化
产品质量升级
国产化替代
machine replacement
efficiency improvement
technology optimization
product quali-ty upgrading
domestic substitution
