摘要
目的了解2015—2019年贵阳市农村中小学校环境卫生状况,为农村地区学校环境卫生基本情况提供数据支撑。方法按照2015—2019年《贵阳市农村环境卫生监测项目工作方案》要求,采用分层随机抽样法选取贵阳市145所农村学校,其中小学75所,初中70所;通过现场查看、填写问卷方式,调查学校基本情况、学生饮水方式、校内供水方式以及学校厕所卫生状况等。结果2015—2019年,贵阳市学生主要饮水方式为桶装水或净水器水,占比从37.9%上升到72.4%;校内供水主要以村镇水厂供水为主,从69.0%上升到93.1%;有独立式公厕、宿舍楼内有厕所的学校比例在65.6%~100.0%,教学楼内有厕所的学校比例低于60.0%,但独立式公厕、教学楼及宿舍楼内卫生厕所普及比例均在80.0%以上;男厕所蹲位比合格率在93.1%~100.0%,女厕所蹲位比合格率从44.8%上升到65.5%;厕所由专人管理的比例从31.0%下降到27.6%;经常提供肥皂的学校比例从20.7%上升到58.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.27,P=0.01)。结论2015—2019年贵阳市农村环境卫生情况尚可,学生饮水、校内供水及卫生厕所普及情况有所改善。建议增加教学楼内卫生厕所及女厕所蹲位数量,进一步加强厕所专人负责;同时加强宣传教育,促进学生养成良好卫生习惯。
Objective To understand the sanitation status of rural primary and secondary schools during 2015-2019,and provide data support for the formulation of environmental sanitation policies for schools in rural areas of Guiyang.Methods According to the requirements of the Work Plan for the Rural Environmental Sanitation Monitoring Project in Guiyang City from 2015-2019,145 rural schools in Guiyang were selected by stratified random sampling method,including 75 elementary schools and 70 junior high schools.Through on-site inspection and questionnaire survey,information regarding school basic situation,drinking water for students,water supply and toilet sanitation in school.Results Students’drinking water was mainly bottled water or water from a water purifier,the proportional rate increased from 37.9%to 72.4%;water supply in the school was mainly from village water plant,from 69.0%to 93.1%;the proportion of schools with independent public toilets and toilets in dormitory buildings ranged from 65.6%to 100.0%,the proportion of schools with toilets in teaching buildings was less than 60.0%,but the penetration rate of sanitary toilets in independent public toilets,teaching buildings and dormitory buildings were more than 80.0%.Qualified rate of squatting in the men’s toilet fluctuated between 93.1%and 100.0%.Qualified rate of the squatting in the women’s toilet had increased from 44.8%to 65.5%.Proportion of school toilets guarded by specific staff decreased from 31.0%to 27.6%.The proportion of soap increased from 20.7%to 58.6%,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=21.27,P=0.01).Conclusion During 2015-2019,the environmental sanitation in rural areas of Guiyang was acceptable,with students’drinking water,school water supply and sanitary toilets moderately improved.Toilets in the teaching building and women’s toilet squatting numbers need to be increased.School toilets managed by specific personnel,as well as good hygiene habits education promotion are encouraged.
作者
陈露露
张开菊
杨俊
张江萍
罗鹏
CHEN Lulu;ZHANG Kaiju;YANG Jun;ZHANG Jiangping;LUO Peng(School of Public Health,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang(550025),China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第9期1403-1406,1411,共5页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwjkj2020-1-181)。
关键词
环境卫生
环境监测
合格鉴定
农村卫生
Environmental health
Environmental monitoring
Eligibility determination
Rural health
