摘要
良好的水生态环境是实现中华民族永续发展的内在要求,是生态文明和“美丽中国”建设的重要基础。当前,我国水生态环境形势依然严峻,富营养化、饮用水源地污染、地下水与近海海域污染、新污染物、生态用水短缺等水生态环境问题未得到根本解决。本文系统解析了我国水生态环境总体形势和面临的主要问题,提出了以流域水生态环境质量改善为核心,综合考虑水质改善、水生态保护和水环境风险防控的战略思路、基本原则和战略目标,提出了包括开展重点流域“山水林田湖草沙”协同治理和整体修复科技攻关与示范、开展京津冀协同发展区水环境水生态质量整体提升科技攻关与示范、开展新时期饮用水安全保障科技攻关与示范在内的3项重大科技工程建议。为推动我国水生态环境安全保障的顺利实施,研究建议:全面系统修订《地表水环境质量标准》,强化其在水生态文明建设中的引领作用;科学评估我国湖泊氮磷营养物的时空差异,实施差异化营养物标准;科学评估我国水生态现状,深化推进水生态监测和评估;构建基于大数据融合的饮用水安全保障智慧化监管平台,保障饮用水安全。
A good water ecological environment is crucial for the sustainable development and ecological civilization of China.However,various problems remain for China’s water ecological environment,including eutrophication,pollution of drinking water sources,contamination of groundwater and coastal waters,emerging pollutants,and shortage of ecological water.In this study,we analyzed the overall situation of the water ecological environment in China,pinpointed the major challenges,and proposed the strategic thinking and several basic principles.These principles focus on improving the water ecological environment and comprehensively consider water quality improvement,water ecological protection,and water environmental risk prevention and control.Three major scientific and technological projects were proposed pertaining to(1)coordinated governance and overall restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,grasses,and sand in key basins,(2)overall improvement of water environment and water ecology in the Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei Collaborative Development Area,and(3)assurance of drinking water safety in the new era.Furthermore,we proposed the following four countermeasures:(1)revising the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water to strengthen its leading role in the construction of water ecological civilization in China;(2)evaluating the spatial and temporal differences of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in China’s lakes and implementing differentiated nutrients standards;(3)assessing the current status of water ecology in China and promoting water ecology monitoring and assessment;and(4)establishing an intelligent supervision platform for drinking water safety based on big data fusion.
作者
霍守亮
张含笑
金小伟
曹晓峰
吴丰昌
Huo Shouliang;Zhang Hanxiao;Jin Xiaowei;Cao Xiaofeng;Wu Fengchang(Chinses Research Academy of Environment Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Beijing 100012,China;China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China;Center forWater and Ecology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《中国工程科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期1-7,共7页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
中国工程院咨询项目“面向生态文明建设的水安全保障战略研究”(2021-XBZD-05)。
关键词
水生态环境
生态文明
质量改善
水生态安全
饮用水安全
water ecological environment
ecological civilization
quality improvement
water ecological security
drinking water safety
