摘要
随着应用型高校和职业技能型高校的进一步发展,尤其是职业本科的出现及其对职业教育类型特征的强化,技术技能型人才与应用型人才的区别日益明显,主要表现在:人才培养的目的旨归不同,应用型人才培养的目的是解决社会应用问题,技术技能型人才培养的目的是解决职业发展问题;人才培养的关注重点不同,应用型人才培养的重点是应用能力,技术技能型人才培养的重点是职业能力;人才培养模式的内涵不同,应用型人才培养模式的内涵要求是“理论宽厚+应用能力”,技术技能型人才培养模式的内涵要求是“职业能力+理论够用”;人才培养的支撑学科不同,应用型人才培养的支撑学科是应用学科,技术技能型人才培养的支撑学科是职业学科;人才培养的学校类型不同,应用型人才的培养学校是应用型高校,技术技能型人才的培养学校是职业院校;人才培养的办学层次不同,应用型人才培养包括本科、硕士和博士三个层次,技术技能型人才培养包括中职、专科和本科三个层次;人才培养的历史发展不同,应用型人才的培养与现代大学同时产生,技术技能型人才的培养只有一百多年的历史;人才培养的社会评价不同,应用型人才就业能力相对较弱但可持续发展能力较强,技术技能型人才就业能力相对较强但可持续发展能力不足。
With the further development of application-oriented universities and vocational and technical universities,especially the emergence of vocational undergraduate and its strengthening of the characteristics of vocational education types,the difference between technical and skilled talents and application-oriented talents is increasingly obvious,mainly reflected in the following aspects:1)the purpose of talent training is different:the purpose of application-oriented personnel training is to solve social application problems while the purpose of technical and skilled personnel training is to solve the problem of career development;2)the focus of personnel training is different:the focus of application-oriented personnel training is the application ability while the technical and skilled personnel training is the focus of vocational ability;3)the connotation of talent training mode is different:the connotation requirement of application-oriented talent training mode is broad theory+application ability"while the connotation requirement of technology-oriented talent training mode is"professional ability+sufficient theory";4)the supporting disciplines of personnel training are different:the supporting disciplines of applied personnel training are applied disciplines while the supporting disciplines of technical and skilled personnel training are vocational disciplines;5)there are different types of schools for personnel training:application-oriented colleges and universities,and vocational colleges for technical and skilled talents;6)different levels of personnel training:application-oriented personnel training includes undergraduate,master and doctor levels,and technical and skilled personnel training includes secondary vocational,junior college and undergraduate levels;7)the history of talent cultivation is different:the cultivation of application-oriented talents came into being at the same time as modern universities,and the cultivation of technical and skilled talents only has a history of more than one hundred ye
作者
罗静
侯长林
蒋炎益
LUO Jing;HOU Changlin;JIANG Yanyi
出处
《高教发展与评估》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期13-22,I0002,I0003,共12页
Higher Education Development and Evaluation
基金
全国教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度国家一般课题“职业学科基本理论及其体系构建研究”(BJA220245)。
关键词
职业本科
应用本科
应用型人才
技术技能型人才
人才培养
vocational undergraduate
application-oriented undergraduate
application-oriented talents
technical and skilled personnel
talents cultivation
