摘要
在世界范围内,普遍存在着人类与雁鸭类发生冲突的现象,引发冲突的原因比较复杂,包括生态、社会、经济和安全等多方面的原因,人类与雁鸭类的冲突能否有效缓减直接关系到湿地保护的可持续性。已经在人类与雁鸭类的冲突涉及到的种群管理、冲突防控和损失赔偿等方面,开展了大量研究和管理实践。在人类与雁鸭类冲突的表现形式、产生原因、国内外管理策略和应对办法等方面,进行了梳理;人类与雁鸭类冲突主要体现在雁鸭类破坏农作物、鸟撞、疾病传播、人类盗猎和毒杀雁鸭类等。全世界应对人类与雁鸭类冲突的办法多种多样,有一些成功的经验可以借鉴。但是,中国目前解决人类与雁鸭类冲突的办法主要是相对单一的经济补偿,由于实施上的困难,不足以应对当前的复杂形势,人类与雁鸭类冲突的加剧会影响未来中国湿地保护与可持续管理。为了缓减人类与雁鸭类冲突,需要开展更多跨学科的系统研究,将社会经济与生态保护紧密结合,充分考虑各利益相关方的诉求,对雁鸭类致害和补偿的成本进行合理的计算,尤其应该重视直接承担损失和保护成本的当地人。中国还需要加强有关法律法规的制定和执行、加强有关部门和社区间的合作、开展多元化的替代生计保障民生,以缓解人类与雁鸭类冲突,促进湿地保护与可持续管理,为中国生态文明建设提供可借鉴范式。
Conflicts between humans and Anseriformes are widespread globally, and they are caused by various intricate factors, including ecology, society, economy, and security. The sustainability of wetland protection will be determined by how successfully the conflicts can be resolved. Numerous studies and management techniques have been carried out on the entirety of population management, conflict prevention,damage compensation, and other conflict-related aspects by academics domestically and internationally. This study explores and summarises management techniques and preventative measures used domestically and internationally, as well as the types and root causes of conflicts between humans and Anseriformes. The main manifestations of the conflicts are the destruction of crops, bird strikes, disease transmission, poaching and poisoning, etc. There are many strategies for resolving these conflicts, and some successful cases can be studied. However, the current approaches to these conflicts in China focus primarily on economic compensation, which is insufficient to address the current complex situation due to implementation challenges. The worsening conflict will also impact future wetland protection and sustainable management in China. More interdisciplinary, systematic research frameworks are required to reduce conflicts between humans and Anseriformes. These frameworks must closely integrate the social economy and ecological protection, fully consider the demands of all stakeholders and accurately calculate the cost of harming and compensating Anseriformes, particularly the residents who directly bear these costs. China must also improve the formulation and implementation of relevant legislation and foster closer collaboration between pertinent departments and communities whilst creating a variety of alternative policies to ensure the welfare of its citizens to achieve of goals of alleviating the Human-Anseriformes conflict, promoting protection and sustainability management of wetland and providing a referenceable
作者
芦欣怡
张伟
王强
周学红
LU Xinyi;ZHANG Wei;WANG Qiang;ZHOU Xuehong(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,P.R.China;Northeast Instiute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,P.R.China)
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期443-452,共10页
Wetland Science
基金
国家林业与草原局项目“野生动物保护经济体系构建”资助。
关键词
水鸟
雁鸭类
冲突
湿地保护
waterfowl
Anseriformes
conflict
wetland conservation
