摘要
渣土改良是矿区植被恢复的主要方法之一,为掌握不同的渣土改良方法对高寒矿区植被恢复的影响,探究适宜高寒矿区植被恢复的基质。选用羊板粪、颗粒有机肥对木里矿区渣土进行改良,构建不同种草基质,定量分析植物群落和土壤肥力变化特征。结果表明:渣土+颗粒有机肥/羊板粪,可提高种草第1年矿区土壤有机质、全效和速效养分含量,增加植物群落高度、盖度、密度、生物量,颗粒有机肥与羊板粪同施植物群落特征和土壤肥力效果均优于单施;渣土直接种草第6年,矿区植物群落盖度、产量、生物量、密度降低,但植物物种数增加,植株较高,生物结皮明显,土壤有机质、全氮含量增加;追施氮肥可明显改善矿区植物群落结构;缓坡地和平地的植被和土壤恢复效果较陡坡地明显。综上,渣土/渣山塑形(较小坡度)+颗粒有机肥+羊板粪,是研究区适宜的植被恢复基质构建方法。
The improvement of coal mine dumps is one of the main methods of vegetation restoration in mining areas. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of such improvement methods on vegetation restoration and to explore the theory of ecological sustainable restoration in alpine mining areas. The characteristics of the vegetation community and soil fertility were studied in dumps treated with mixed granular organic fertilizer and sheep manure as grass substrates. The results showed that adding granular organic fertilizer or sheep manure to dumps increased the content of organic matter, total and available nutrients, plant height, coverage, density, and biomass during the first year. The effect of both applications was better than that of a single application on plant communities and soil fertility. In the sixth year of direct grass planting in dumps, the plant coverage, yield, biomass, and density decreased, but the species and heights of plants, soil organic matter content, and total nitrogen increased with the obvious biological crust. Topdressing with nitrogen fertilizers significantly improved the characteristics of the plant community. Compared to gentle-slope land and flat land, the soil fertility of steepslope land was better for the restoration of the plant community and soil fertility. Overall, for vegetation restoration and maintenance of the stability of plant communities in alpine mining areas, improving the fertility of dumps with organic fertilizer, sheep manure, and reshaped dumps( < 30° slope) is of great significance. Dumps/dumps reshaping(slope < 30°) +granular organic fertilizer + sheep manure is the most suitable combination for the vegetation restoration matrix in the study area.
作者
乔千洛
杨文权
赵帅
傅文慧
柴港宁
鱼杨华
蔺宝珺
李希来
寇建村
QIAO Qianluo;YANG Wenquan;ZHAO Shuai;FU Wenhui;CHAI Gangning;YU Yanghua;LIN Baojun;LI Xilai;KOU Jiancun(College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;College of Life Sciences,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期1782-1792,共11页
Pratacultural Science
基金
中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(青[2021]TG01号)
青海省财政林业改革发展资金新技术推广项目([2021]001号)。
关键词
高寒矿区
羊板粪
颗粒有机肥
渣土
土壤肥力
植物群落
生物结皮
alpine mining area
sheep manure
granular organic fertilizer
dump
soil fertility
plant community
biological crust
