摘要
高分子保水剂(super absorbent polymer,SAP)是一种具有高吸水和保水能力的高分子聚合物,应用土壤具有水肥保持和土壤改良等多重效应,近年在农业生产、水土保持和污染治理中应用受到重视。该文通过作者多年研究积累和文献综合分析,回顾了高分子保水剂发展历程,提出其效应原理的理论体系,包括保水剂自身吸水、保水和释水原理,保水剂促进土壤改良和保持效应原理;保水剂提高肥料等农化产品利用效率原理;保水剂调节植物生理节水效应原理和固化土壤重金属效应原理。此外,文章对保水剂在农业水肥保持与高效利用、土壤重金属污染治理等方面的研究进展进行了系统分析,并根据其存在问题,指出加强新型产品研制及其应用基础研究,加快应用技术推广是保水剂发展的主要方向。
Super Absorbent Polymer（SAP） is one kind of polymer with function of strong water absorbent and conservation.It has been paid attention to application in agricultural production, soil water conservation and the pollution management in recent years. SAP is synthesized by natural hydrophilic monocase with cosslinking agent and initiator; there are three kinds of reaction type, such as graft copolymerization, carboxymethyl reaction and crosslinking reaction. Based on the raw material and synthetics techniques, the type of SAP can be divided into organic monocase polymer（such as Sodium Polyacrylate）, starch polymer（such as starch graft acrylic acid sodium）, organic-inorganic compound polymer（such as Bump/sodium polyacrylate） and organic monocase and functional component polymer（such as humic acid polymer）. In order to summarize the new achievement of SAP research and analysis the development direction, based on authors＇ research accumulation and the literature＇s review, the paper reviews SAP development history, and summarizes the acting principle system of SAP, including five aspects. First is the principle of water absorbing, retaining and releasing of SAP itself. SAP can absorb deionized water 400 ~600 times or tap water 100 time of itself weight by method of water absorption and the swelling, and more than 85% water can be used by plants. Second is the principle of SAP improving soil and water conservation. SAP can improve the soil aggregate structure, increase the soil porosity and water infiltration, and reduce the evaporation of soil surface. Third is the principle of effect on SAP raising the use ratio of fertilizer, pesticide and other chemical materials. On fertilizer conservation and the use efficiency, SAP has the function on controlling nitrogen release and increasing the phosphorus release in soil. The key rule of SAP is major on reducing the rate of nitrogen release owing to nitrogen ions exchanged with functional groups of SAP and soil, the effect is stronger with increasing of
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期125-131,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(41571303)
三峡后续工作科研课题(2015HXKY2-4)
关键词
土壤
污染
农业
高分子保水剂(SAP)
土壤改良
水土保持
水肥利用效率
重金属污染
soils
pollution
agriculture
super absorbent polymer（SAP）
soil improving
soil ＆ water conservation
water and fertilizer use efficiency
heavy metal pollution
