摘要
新中国初期出现的“忠实记录、慎重整理”的争论在中国民间文学史上可谓影响深远,但近年来的学术史反思中,甚少被提及,其中一个重要原因就是20世纪80年代以后,田野作业作为科学方法统合了“采风”“采录”“整理”等。而之前对于“忠实记录、慎重整理”的回顾与考量,大多将历史语境悬空,以田野作业的理论范式反思新中国初期的民间文学基本问题与基本话语;再加上当下的学科分野,民间文学之文学与民俗学研究被置于两条通道,他们之间的区隔越来越大,而且我们至今没有对“整理”从学科意义上予以阐述和界定。这种悬置与区隔使得研究者有意无意地忽略了现代民间文学兴起之时“文学”与“学术”的一体化,以及20世纪30年代文学大众化、40年代解放区的通俗化实践对民间文学的形塑。对于新中国初期出现的民间文学记录、整理的争论,我们只有将其还原到20世纪初期至60年代民间文学发展的历史逻辑,才能理解采风与民间文学搜集之间的承续与内在思想的嬗变,也才能使得对搜集整理问题的讨论不再停滞在原点,并更好地总结民间文学的本土话语,进而推进民间文学话语体系的构建。
The controversy of“faithful recording and careful collation”that emerged in the early period of the PRC can be regarded as profound impacts in the history of Chinese folk literature,but in recent years,it has rarely been mentioned in the reflection on academic history.One of the reasons is that after the 1980s,fieldwork as a scientific method unified“caifeng”,“recording”and“classification”.The previous review and consideration of this concept have mostly left the historical context in limbo,reflecting on the basic issues and basic discourse of folk literature in early New China with the theoretical paradigm of fieldwork,and because of the current disciplinary division,the literature in folk literature and academic research are placed in two channels,and the separation between them becomes even greater,and we have not yet articulated and defined“collection”in a disciplinary sense.This suspension and separation have made researchers intentionally or unintentionally ignore the integration of“literature”and“academic”at the emergence of modern folk literature,and the shaping of folk literature by the popularization of literature and art in the 1930sand the popularization practices in the liberated areas in the 1940s.With regard to the debate on the recording and classification of folk literature that emerged at the beginning of the PRC,only by returning it to the historical context of folklore development from the early 20th century to the 1960s,can we understand the inheritance and the transmutation of inner thoughts between caifeng and collection,make the discussion on the issue of collection not stagnate at the same point,and also better summarize the local discourse of folklore,and then promote the construction of a folklore discourse system.
出处
《民俗研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期5-16,158,共13页
Folklore Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“新中国70年少数民族民间文学学术史研究”(项目编号:20BZW190)的阶段性成果
中国社会科学院基础学者资助计划资助。
关键词
采风
搜集
整理
文艺大众化
通俗化实践
caifeng(folk literature and art collection)
collection
classification
the popularization of literature and art
the popularization practice
