摘要
自近代以来,“自梳”这一游离于传统中国婚姻家庭制度以外的文化现象便引起了大众和学界的关注。借助不同的透镜,自梳女现象以地方奇观、独立女性、组织化劳工以及爱国爱家四种他者叙事模式被表述。前两者以传统婚姻制度为参照,关注自梳女不嫁的行为偏离传统的一面;后两者以家族主义为框架来理解自梳女,但并未对自梳女与其家族的亲属关系实践进行充分梳理。本文首先对以上四类叙事模式进行评述,再重新回到自梳女的自我叙事,引入“阈限”概念来重新思考其有关自我与家族的关系叙事,用以理解处于现代化变迁进程之中间状态的自梳女。文章最后指出,自梳这一独特的历史现象有助于我们理解中国社会现代化变迁的复杂性。自梳女曾经的阈限境遇折射出中国人在现代化变迁中普遍面临的个体化认同与家庭主义认同之间的张力。尤其是对女性而言,在社会结构安排中如何充分认可其作为独立个体的权利,这一过渡尚有待完成。
Since modern times,the“sworn spinster”,zishu nü,a cultural phenomenon that is separate from the traditional Chinese marriage and family system,has attracted the attention of the public and the academic circle.The narratives on zishu nücan be divided into four narrative modes:local spectacle narrative,independent female narrative,organized labor narrative and patriotic and family-loving narrative.The former two take the traditional marriage system as a reference and focus on the“disembedment”from tradition.The latter two understand zishu nüin the framework of familism,but fell short of observance of kinship practice between zishu nüand their families.This paper firstly reviews the above four narrative modes,then returns to the self-narrative of zishu nü,introduces the concept of“liminality”to rethink the relationship between self and family,and to understand zishu nüand their state of“living through the in-between”.Finally,the paper points out that the unique historical liminal state of zishu nüreflects the universal tension between the individual and familial identity that Chinese people face in the course of modernization,which is helpful for us to understand the complexity of China’s modernization.For women,in particular,the structural transition has yet to be completed as to how their rights as individuals are fully recognized in the social structure.
出处
《社会学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期108-125,共18页
Sociological Review of China
关键词
自梳
个体化
家族主义
阈限
zishu
individualism
familism
liminality
