摘要
为探究施加生物炭对冻融期盐渍化土壤蓄水保墒、保温、保肥的作用,以盐渍化土壤为研究对象,连续2年在河套灌区开展田间小区原位冻融试验,设置生物炭用量为15 t/hm^(2)(D15),30 t/hm^(2)(D30),不施加生物炭(CK)3种处理。结果表明:在冻融条件下,0—40 cm土层较40—100 cm土层水分垂直分布规律明显、储水能力强;除在试验第1年的初冻期施加生物炭使0—40 cm土层储水量有所降低外,随生物炭施加时间的增长,生物炭的持水作用逐渐显现,其中与CK相比D30处理更有利于土壤水分保持。施加生物炭可以平抑冻融期土壤温度的变幅、降低融解期土壤温度变化的离散程度,较对照比,2年冻融期0—40 cm土层平均温度生物炭处理提高0.8~1.6℃,经过2年冻融过程各处理土壤冻结指数为CK>D15>D30,融解指数为D30>D15>CK。连续2年冻融期,生物炭的施入均丰富了土壤养分含量,不同程度地减少冻融各阶段0—40 cm土层养分流失,使冻融期土壤速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷含量增幅范围分别达到3.1%~38.1%,1.3%~44.6%,5.4%~80.4%,有机碳密度增加了2.0%~22.4%,其中以D30处理提升效果最为明显。施用生物炭改善了冻融期盐渍化土壤的水热肥状况,可为来年作物的生长繁殖提供良好的环境,生物炭用量30 t/hm^(2)时施用效果较优。
In order to explore the effects of biochar application on soil moisture storage,heat preservation and fertilizer conservation in saline soil during freezing-thawing period,taking saline soil as the research object,in situ freezing-thawing tests of field plots were carried out in the Hetao Irrigation Area for two consecutive years,the biochar dosages were set as 15 t/hm^(2)(D15),30 t/hm^(2)(D30)and no biochar(CK).The results showed that under the freezing-thawing conditions,the vertical distribution of water in 0—40 cm soil was more obvious than that in 40—100 cm soil,and the water storage capacity was greater.In addition to the decrease of soil water storage at 0—40 cm by applying biochar in the initial freezing period of the first year of experiment,the water-holding effect of biochar gradually appeared with the increase of application time.Compared with CK,D30 treatment was more beneficial to soil water retention.Applying biochar could suppress the variation of soil temperature in freezing-thawing period and reduce the dispersion degree of soil temperature change in thawing period.Compared with the control,the average soil temperature of 0—40 cm in the freezing-thawing period of 2 years was increased by 0.8~1.6℃under biochar treatment.After two years of freezing-thawing,the soil freezing index of each treatment was CK>D15>D30,and the melting index was D30>D15>CK.In the freezing-thawing period,the application of biochar enriched the soil nutrient content and reduced the soil nutrient loss from 0 cm to 40 cm in various freezing-thawing stages.The contents of available K,alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P increased by 3.1%~38.1%,1.3%~44.6%and 5.4%~80.4%,respectively.Organic carbon density increased by 2.0%~22.4%,and D30 treatment had the most obvious improvement effect.The application of biochar improved the hydrothermal fertilizer status of saline soil in freezing-thawing period,and provided a good environment for the growth and reproduction of crops in the next year.The application effect was better
作者
张如鑫
屈忠义
王丽萍
杨威
刘祖汀
ZHANG Ruxin;QU Zhongyi;WANG Liping;YANG Wei;LIU Zuting(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Hohhot 010018)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期296-303,共8页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51779117,52109056)
内蒙古科技厅科技计划项目(2019GG025)。
关键词
生物炭
冻融期
盐渍土
土壤储水量
土壤温度
土壤养分
biochar
freezing-thawing period
saline soil
soil water storage
soil temperature
soil nutrients
