摘要
四川雅安高颐阙为典型的南方地区典型砂岩质文物,1800余年来,高颐阙长期处于室外露天环境,保存状况较差,出现多种病害,急需保护修复。现场调查表明,高颐阙主要病害为孔洞状风化、表面粉化剥落、表面片状剥落、生物病害、机械裂隙、表面人为污染等病害。通过岩矿分析、扫描电镜观察、X射线荧光光谱分析、X射线衍射成分检测等手段对高颐阙岩样进行了成分检测和微观结构观察分析。结果表明,高颐阙为含钙质极细粒岩屑长石砂岩,主要成分为石英、钾长石、方解石,胶结物以钙质为主,含少量泥质和铁质;高颐阙病害的主要原因为钙质胶结物的溶蚀及泥质胶结物水化膨胀分解,同时疏松多孔的结构为胶结物的流失提供了条件;潮湿多雨的气候、酸雨等环境是导致高颐阙病害加剧的不利外部环境因素。研究结果可为高颐阙的后期保护修复工作提供基础科学数据,同时可为南方地区砂岩质文物保护提供借鉴。
Gaoyique,located in Ya’an,Sichuan Province,is a typical sandstone cultural relic in southern China.Over the past 1800 years,Gaoyique has been in an outdoor open-air environment for a long time,and its preservation condition is poor.There are many diseases,so it is in urgent need of protection and repair.Field investigation shows that the main diseases of Gaoyique are hole-like weathering,surface powdering and peeling,surface flake peeling,biological diseases,mechanical cracks,surface man-made pollution and other diseases.By means of rock and mineral analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),the composition and structure of the rocks of Gaoyique were examined and analyzed.The results show that Gaoyique is a very fine-grained calcareous lithic feldspar sandstone with quartz,potassium feldspar and calcite as its main components.The cements are mainly calcareous with a small amount of argillaceous and iron.The main causes of Gaoyique disease are the dissolution of calcareous cements and the hydration,expansion and decomposition of argillaceous cements.Porous structure provides conditions for the loss of cementing materials.Wet and rainy climate,acid rain and other environmental factors are adverse external environmental factors that lead to the aggravation of Gaoyique disease.The research results can provide basic scientific data for Gaoyique’s later protection and restoration work,and can also provide reference for the protection of sandstone cultural relics in southern China.
作者
肖林芝
Xiao Linzhi(Chenghua District Office of Cultural Relics Protection and Management,Chengdu 610056,China)
出处
《山西建筑》
2022年第20期15-19,共5页
Shanxi Architecture
基金
四川省科技计划“四川境内砂岩石窟风化病害评估与保护技术研究”(项目编号:2020YFS0391)资助。
关键词
南方地区
砂岩文物
高颐阙
病害研究
矿物成分
southern region
sandstone cultural relics
Gaoyique
disease mechanism
mineral composition
