摘要
【目的】探究不同堆肥材料及其碳氮比堆肥对餐厨废弃物堆肥腐熟过程中养分及微生物的关系。【方法】试验以餐厨废弃物、秸秆和木屑为主要原料联合堆肥,通过对不同C/N条件下的温度、水分、营养、酶活性与微生物菌群变化的综合测定总结出其对厨余垃圾堆肥的影响规律。【结果】碳氮比30∶1堆肥腐熟效果最好,各处理种子发芽率均达到80%,而且经过100 d腐熟进程过后,各处理均符合标准达到可回收利用水平,并且各项指标符合有机肥行业标准(NY525—2012)。其中,各处理含水量均由前期的63%降至末期的5%以下;并且随着堆肥的持续,各处理pH最终稳定在8左右,EC值均在4 mS/cm以下,无毒害作用;而全效、速效养分与有机质的变化均呈现先上涨,达到峰值后逐步降低的趋势;不同处理间土壤酶活性均呈现先上升,后下降的趋势,其中,过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、纤维素酶活性峰值分别达到了5.09、9129.00、489.82、7.92 mg/(g·h);不同处理间的细菌、真菌、放线菌的峰值数量分别达到了23.36×10^(8)~29.45×10^(8)、1.67×10^(8)~7.33×10^(8)、16.01×10^(8)~28.17×10^(8) CFU/g。【结论】将各指标之间的相关性进行分析,将具有相关性的堆肥腐熟指标通过主成分分析(PCA),得出排序结果为T6>T4>T5>T1>T2>T3,T6得分最高,为1.911。其中堆肥材料为餐厨废弃物(2.8 t)+木屑(0.93 t),碳氮比30∶1。因此,在生产上推荐使用餐厨废弃物和木屑联合堆肥,腐熟效果更优。
【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the relationship between different composting materials and their C/N ratios on nutrients and microorganisms in the composting process of kitchen waste. 【Method】In the experiment, kitchen waste, straw and sawdust were used as the main raw materials for combined composting. Through the comprehensive determination of temperature, moisture, nutrition, enzyme activity and microbial flora changes under different C/N conditions, the influence law on kitchen waste composting was summarized. 【Result】The compost with C/N ratio of 30∶1 had the best maturity effect, and the seed germination rate of each treatment reached 80%. After 100 days of maturity, each treatment met the standard of recyclable utilization, and the indicators met the industrial standard of organic fertilizer(NY525—2012). Among them, the water content of each treatment decreased from 63% in the early stage to less than 5% in the late stage. And with the continuous composting, the pH of each treatment eventually stabilized at about 8, EC values were below 4 mS/cm, no toxic effect;The changes of total effective, available nutrients and organic matter showed a trend of rising first, reaching the peak and then gradually decreasing. The soil enzyme activities in different treatments showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, and the peak values of catalase, sucrase, urease and cellulase activities reached 5.09,9129.00,489.82,7.92 mg/(g·h), respectively. The peak numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in different treatments reached 23.36×10^(8)-29.45×10^(8),1.67×10-7.33×10^(8),16.01×10^(8)-28.17×10^(8) CFU/g.【Conclusion】The correlation between each index was analyzed. The compost maturity index with correlation was analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA), and the ranking result was T6 > T4 > T5 > T1 > T2 > T3. T6 had the highest score of 1.911. The compost material was kitchen waste(2.8 t) + sawdust(0.93 t), and the carbon-nitrogen ratio was 30∶1. Therefore, it is
作者
游宏建
张美君
安明远
申佳丽
曹云娥
YOU Hong-jian;ZHANG Mei-jun;AN Ming-yuan;SHEN Jia-li;CAO Yun-e(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750000,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期1631-1639,共9页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02005)。
关键词
餐厨废弃物
堆肥
碳氮比
微生物
种子发芽率
Food waste
Compost
Carbon-nitrogen ratio
Microorganisms
Rate of emergence
