摘要
我国现行相关法律规范不能妥善应对国际平行诉讼问题,对涉外民事诉讼中的禁诉令制度也暂付阙如。尽管禁诉令具有规制当事人滥诉并有效解决国际平行诉讼的功能,但存在干涉其他国家司法主权及导致“禁诉令的战争”之弊端。在缺乏多边合作机制的情形下,基于国际民事管辖权理论基础的发展趋势以及民事管辖权跨国有序分配的考量,禁诉令的签发应遵循适当平衡个案正义与国际礼让之法理。我国应以上述法理为指引,明确本国法院签发禁诉令的条件及应对外国禁诉令的问题。实践中,我国法院可以借助对《民事诉讼法》第103条规定的行为保全制度之解释,并结合该法其他相关规范发挥禁诉令的功能。妥善实施禁诉令制度,既是保障我国司法主权和本国民商事利益的有效举措,也是加快推进中国法域外适用的法律体系建设之重要内容。
Current Chinese legal rules can not properly regulate international parallel litigation, and anti-suit injunction in foreign-related civil proceedings has not yet been established. Although anti-suit injunction has the function of regulating the parties abusing their right to sue and solving the international parallel litigation effectively, it also has the malpractice of interfering foreign countries’ judicial sovereignty and leading to “battle of injunctions”. Based on the development of theoretical foundation of international civil jurisdiction and in consideration of transnational orderly distribution of civil jurisdiction, the jurisprudence of properly balancing individual justice and international comity should be followed in issue of anti-suit injunction in the context of absence of multilateral cooperation mechanism. The conditions of Chinese court issuing anti-suit injunction and the countermeasures against foreign anti-suit injunction should be cleared by adhering to the above jurisprudence. Chinese courts can interpret the preservation of behaviors rule stipulated in Article 103 of the Civil Procedure Law and properly implement anti-suit injunction in combination with relevant norms of the law above, which is not only an effective measure to safeguard the judicial sovereignty and civil and commercial interests of China, but also an important part of accelerating the construction of the legal system concerning the extraterritorial application of Chinese law.
出处
《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期178-190,共13页
Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金项目(21AFX026)“《民法典》时代我国国际私法典编纂中管辖权问题研究”
国家社科基金项目(21CFX052)“全球治理中我国承认与执行外国民事判决制度构建研究”
中南财经政法大学学科建设统筹项目(XKHJ202106)。
关键词
禁诉令
国际平行诉讼
国际礼让
行为保全
anti-suit injunction
international parallel litigation
international comity
preservation of behaviors
