摘要
随着第四次工业革命的兴起,将涌现越来越多的新标准和标准必要专利,这使得标准必要专利公平合理无歧视(fair,reasonable and non-discriminatory,FRAND)许可的问题变得更为复杂。值得探讨的是,作为标准的接受者而非制定者的主要亚洲经济体的FRAND许可标准有无趋于一致或歧异之处?一些跨国经营、从事专利许可的企业集团对中国竞争法主管机关所作的承诺可否延伸至亚洲之外具有约束力?如何消解不同法律标准之间的冲突?基于以下的原因,主张至少在亚洲地区须确立对标准必要专利的FRAND许可的事前监管机制:已经有巨大的市场失灵、标准必要专利相当于垄断或联合垄断、事实标准超越法律标准、私主体的标准制订组织取代国家职能;并提出专利法和竞争法的改革建议,主张不同法律标准的冲突不应通过一套标准来解决,应经由同理心思考和国家间对各自选择的相互尊重来解决;最后以破除知识产权法与竞争法交叉领域中一些似是而非的论述作结。
The fourth industrial revolution,including 5G,driverless vehicles,Internet of Things(IoT)and artificial intelligence(AI),heavily relies on compatibility and interoperability of patent standards.As a result,the fair,reasonable and non-discriminatory(FRAND)licensing of standard essential patents(SEPs)is becoming a pressing issue.As Asian economies are standard takers,it is worth of exploring if and to what extent major Asian economies have adopted convergent or divergent stance on this issue,and whether the commitments made by international conglomerates,which grant global licensing of SEPs,to the Chinese antitrust authorities can be applicable beyond Chinese border.In addition,this paper argues that at least in Asia,ex ante regulation of FRAND licensing of SEPs is justified.And to overcome differences among different legal standards,empathy and respect for choice over paths that best suit respective national needs should be advocated,and that certain reform concerning patent law and competition law is needed.It concludes by disputing some popular misconceptions about the issues in question.
出处
《知识产权》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第11期3-16,共14页
Intellectual Property
关键词
标准必要专利
公平合理无歧视许可
专利法
反垄断
事实标准
标准制定组织
standard essential patents(SEPs)
FRAND
patent law
antitrust
de facto standards
standard setting organizations(SSOs)
