摘要
采用仪器/理化分析方法测定地下涌泉全流水养殖的体质量170~600 g左右的虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss、山女鳟Oncorhynchus masou masou、细鳞鲑Brachymystax lenok、哲罗鲑Hucho taimen、金鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita、花羔红点鲑Salvelinus malma、白斑红点鲑Salvelinus leucomaenis和亚东鲑Salmo trutta fario肌肉的常规营养成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量,并评价其营养价值。结果表明:八种鲑科鱼类肌肉水分含量为72.49%~76.58%、粗蛋白含量为18.58%~20.65%、粗脂肪含量为2.26%~3.01%、粗灰分含量为1.44%~1.84%。肌肉中主要检出16种脂肪酸(FA),其中多不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸分别占总FA的32.76%~42.82%和19.27%~30.96%,二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸总量占总FA的9.33%~15.61%。检出17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的40.36%~41.27%,与非必需氨基酸的比值为75.99%~78.77%,符合FAO/WHO模式中质量较优蛋白质的氨基酸组成。八种鲑科鱼类肌肉氨基酸具有良好的平衡性,氨基酸评分(AAS)为0.88~2.40,化学评分值(CS)均大于0.5,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为87.47~111.49。主成分分析法氨基酸分值由大到小依次为:细鳞鲑>山女鳟>虹鳟>花羔红点鲑>金鳟>哲罗鲑>亚东鲑>白斑红点鲑。综上所述,八种鲑科鱼类为不饱和脂肪酸丰富、氨基酸组成平衡的优质蛋白源,是具有很高营养价值的优良淡水养殖鱼类。
The contents of approximate nutrition,fatty acids and amino acids were determined in the muscles of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss),cherry salmon(Oncorhynchus masou masou),lenok(Brachymystax lenok),taimen(Hucho taimen),golden trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita),dolly varden(Salvelinus malma),Siberian char(Salvelinus leucomaenis)and brown trout(Salmo trutta fario)by instrument/physical and chemical methods,and nutritional value was evaluated.Experimental fishes of 170~600 g in weight were reared in flowing water ponds.The results showed that there were 72.49%~76.58%of moisture,18.58%~20.65%of crude protein,2.26%~3.01%of crude fat and 1.44%~1.84%of ash in the muscles of eight members in Salmonidae.A total of 16 kinds of fatty acids were primarily detected in the muscles,with 32.76%~42.82%of polyunsaturated fatty acids and 19.27%~30.96%of essential fatty acids in the total fatty acids,and the EPA and DHA sum of 9.33%~15.61%in the total fatty acids.There were 17 kinds of amino acids detected in the muscles,with the ratios of essential amino acids to total amino acids and essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids were 40.36%~41.27%and 75.99%~78.77%respectively,in line with the amino acid composition of the high-quality protein in the FAO/WHO model.The amino acid compositions were well balanced in the muscles of eight members in Salmonidae,with amino acid score(AAS)of 0.88~2.40,the chemical score(CS)of more than 0.5 and the essential amino acid index(EAAI)of 87.47~111.49.The descending order of amino acid score on the principal component analysis was expressed as:lenok>cherry salmon>rainbow trout>dolly varden>golden trout>taimen>brown trout>Siberian char.To sum up,the eight members in Salmonidae are found to be so high-quality protein sources rich in unsaturated fatty acids and balanced amino acid composition that to be excellent freshwater cultured species with high nutritional value.
作者
杜宁宁
黄晓丽
郝其睿
李晨辉
吴松
陈中祥
DU Ningning;HUANG Xiaoli;HAO Qirui;LI Chenhui;WU Song;CHEN Zhongxiang(Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;Supervision,Inspection and Testing Center for Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products(Harbin),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150070,China;Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100041,China)
出处
《水产学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第4期9-18,37,共11页
Chinese Journal of Fisheries
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HSY201906Q).
关键词
鲑科
肌肉
营养成分
脂肪酸
氨基酸
Salmonidae
muscle
nutritional component
fatty acid
amino acid
