摘要
In 2021,the world was marked by changes unseen in a century under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Profound adjustments to the global energy supply and demand patterns have led to an evolving pattern of global energy governance.Countries around the world have introduced relevant policies to promote the accelerated transition to a green and low-carbon energy structure.While promoting the energy transition,the world’s major oil and gas resource countries are still carrying out internal reforms to strengthen the competitiveness of the oil and gas industry,enhance market maintenance and cooperation,and maintain their traditional energy status.The Glasgow Climate Pact has provided the international community with a new direction for emission reduction and the future energy transition.Major oil and gas consumption countries have set climate targets to lead their green and low-carbon transitions.Green finance is also directing market resources to green and low-carbon sectors.In the future,more countries will introduce“dual carbon”development strategies.Meanwhile,the role of green finance will become more important,and the system of laws,regulations and standards,analysis of environmental risks and regulation of information disclosure will be further improved.With the rapid development of renewable energy,the geopolitical influence of traditional oil and gas resource countries will be greatly weakened,and the boundaries between resource and consumption countries will become increasingly blurred.A new“energy geopolitical map”is being reconstructed.
