摘要
为明确施氮量、种植密度及其交互作用对烤烟株型及产质量的调控效应,以‘中烟100’品种为试验材料,采用二因素裂区设计,研究施氮量与种植密度对平顶期烟株干物质积累、株型性状、光合效率及烤后烟产量、产值、化学成分的影响。结果表明,随着种植密度的增加,烤烟群体叶面积指数增加,单产显著增加,高密度处理的最大叶叶位下降,单株干物质积累减少。随着施氮量的增加,烟株茎秆增高变粗,叶长、叶宽及叶绿素含量增加,上、中、下部叶干物质积累量提高,烤后烟叶烟碱、总氮含量增加,还原糖、总糖含量降低,化学成分可用性指数(CCUI)先增加后降低。方差分析可知,种植密度对平顶期烟株生物量积累的影响大于施氮量,对烤后烟品质的影响小于施氮量,且施氮量与种植密度的交互作用对产量、产值有显著影响。本研究以施氮量120 kg/hm^(2)、种植密度27 750株/hm^(2)处理最佳,上、中、下部叶片CCUI值均大于85分,产量、产值分别达到2 388.67 kg/hm^(2)、38 442.67元/hm^(2)。表明在密植条件下,适当增加施氮量是弥补单株生产力不足及品质下降的有效措施。综合考虑产量、品质和效益,山东烟区‘中烟100’以施氮量120 kg/hm^(2)、种植密度18 500株/hm^(2)处理组合为最优,可实现烤烟的优质高效生产。
To assess the regulation effect of nitrogen application rate, planting density and their interaction on growth and yield of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment was conducted with two-factor split plot design using Zhongyan 100 as test material. The effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on dry matter accumulation, plant architecture and photosynthetic rate of tobacco plants and yield, production value and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, the leaf area index of tobacco population increased, the yield per unit area increased significantly, the position of the largest leaf declined, and the dry matter accumulation per plant decreased. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the stem height and diameter, leaf length and width and chlorophyll content increased;the dry matter accumulation of upper, middle and lower leaves increased;the total nicotine and nitrogen contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves increased, while the reducing sugar and total sugar contents decreased, and the chemical components usability index(CCUI) increased firstly and then decreased. The variance analysis results showed that the effect of planting density on biomass accumulation was greater than that of nitrogen rate at flattop stage, but that on quality of flue-cured tobacco was lower than that of nitrogen rate. Their interaction on yield and production value was significant. In this study, the treatment with nitrogen rate as 120 kg/hm^(2) and planting density as 27 750 plants per hectare was optimum with the CCUI of upper, middle and lower leaves higher than 85, and the yield and production value as 2 388.67 kg/hm^(2) and 38 442.67 yuan per hectare. In conclusion, under high planting density, appropriate increase of nitrogen rate was one of the effective agronomic strategies to cover the loss of productivity and quality reduction. Comprehensively considering yield, quality and benefit, high-quality and efficient production of Zh
作者
王玉林
孙延国
高峻
管恩森
段旺军
石屹
吴元华
王晓琳
Wang Yulin;Sun Yanguo;Gao Jun;Guan Ensen;Duan Wangjun;Shi Yi;Wu Yuanhua;Wang Xiaolin(Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Xichang 615000,China;Zhucheng Branch of Weifang Tobacco Limited Company in Shandong Province,Zhucheng 262200,China;Sichuan China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610066,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
北大核心
2022年第7期113-121,134,共10页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP-TRIC03)
山东中烟工业有限责任公司重点项目“基于‘泰山’品牌需求的山东烟叶定向栽培技术研究与应用”(201901001)
中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目“烟草健康栽培耕作模式研究与应用”(SCYC201909)。
关键词
施氮量
种植密度
烟草
生长发育
产质量
化学成分
Nitrogen application rate
Planting density
Tobacco
Growth and development
Yield and quality
chemical components
