摘要
砷碱渣是粗锑精炼中产生的一类废渣,含剧毒性砷酸钠和具有回收价值的锑和碳酸钠。由于资源化利用技术不成熟,其长期堆存造成资源的浪费。本文结合砷碱渣的来源、成分和物相,系统评述湿法回收锑和碳酸钠、砷无害化处置的清洁利用研究动态。采用水浸或氧化水浸可最大限度回收砷碱渣中锑,实现锑的资源化利用,该工艺具有技术流程短和成本低的特点,是未来砷碱渣中锑绿色回收的发展方向。根据碳酸盐和砷酸盐溶解度的不同,目前形成了气体沉淀法和分步结晶法分离浸出液中碳酸钠的技术,砷碱分离效率高,实现了碳酸钠再生。浸出液蒸发结晶可获得砷酸钠,还原为单质砷是其产品化发展方向。由于砷的剧毒性,钙盐法、铁盐法和镁盐法等无害化技术得到发展,未来砷的研究应集中于安全填埋的矿化技术,实现砷从自然界中来到自然界中去的良性循环。
Arsenic-alkali residue is a kind of waste residue produced in crude antimony refining,which contains highly toxic sodium arsenate and antimony and sodium carbonate with recycling value.Due to the immature technology of resource utilization,its long-term storage causes waste of resources.Combined with the source,composition and phase of arsenicalkali residue,this paper systematically reviews the research trend of clean utilization of antimony and sodium carbonate recovered by wet method and Harmless disposal of arsenic.The use of water leaching or oxidative water leaching can maximize the recovery of antimony in arsenic-alkali residue and realize the resource utilization of antimony,this process has the characteristics of short technical process and low cost,and is the development direction of green recovery of antimony in arsenic-alkali residue in the future.According to the different solubility of carbonate and arsenate,gas precipitation method and fractional crystallization method are currently formed to separate sodium carbonate in leachate,the arsenicalkali separation efficiency is high,and the regeneration of sodium carbonate is realized.Sodium arsenate can be obtained by evaporating and crystallizing the leaching solution,and its reduction to elemental arsenic is the development direction of its product development.Due to the high toxicity of arsenic,harmless technologies such as calcium salt method,iron salt method and magnesium salt method have been developed,in the future,arsenic research should focus on the mineralization technology of safe landfill to realize a virtuous cycle of arsenic from nature to nature.
作者
王宝胜
WANG Baosheng(Chifeng SD-Gold Silver and Lead Co.,Ltd.,Chifeng 024000,China)
出处
《中国资源综合利用》
2022年第8期120-127,143,共9页
China Resources Comprehensive Utilization
关键词
砷碱渣
锑
碳酸钠
砷
无害化
arsenic-alkali residue
antimony
sodium carbonate
arsenic
harmless
